基于Hick定律对乒乓球运动员预判能力的评估

发布时间：2018-05-21 07:30

本文选题：乒乓球 + Hick定律　；参考：《上海体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在运动领域中,开放性技能运动常常要求非常快的反应,高水平运动员需要十分精准地击打到快速移动的球。在这种反应时间压力下,预判能力成为一种对于致胜来说非常重要的能力。运用专家-新手范式,大量研究已经证实了专家预判优势的存在。针对专家预判优势主要有两种解释:选择性注意和信息整合。高水平运动员可以将注意集中于某些环境信息而忽略其他信息,同时也可以将环境中独立存在的信息进行整合处理,通过这两种假设都可以推测出专家预判会导致反应选择量的减少。为了验证上述假设,我们设计了一个新的线索提示实验范式。实验设计为先向被试呈现一段乒乓球视频,随后被试进行九选一的选择反应任务。乒乓球视频中球的落点与九选一任务中目标刺激出现的位置可能保持一致(有效线索组),也有可能不一致(无效线索组),保持一致的概率为75%。基于Hick定律,我们可以利用反应时推算出反应选择量。实验对象分为专家组和新手组,专家组由17名国家二级乒乓球运动员组成,新手组由17名没有专业训练经验的普通大学生组成。结果得出:(1)组别和线索有效性的交互对于发球预判显著,F(2,32)=5.104,p=0.031,对于攻球预判也显著,F(2,32)=7.356,p=0.01。对于发球视频组,专家和新手都利用乒乓球视频中呈现的信息进行提前预判,在九选一的选择反应任务中反应选择量减少到了9以下,但专家组被试减少的反应选择量更多,t(32)=-4.312,p0.001。对于攻球视频组,只有专家的反应选择量会因为有效线索而减少。(2)随着乒乓球视频信息的增长,对新手组反应选择量没有影响,但专家组减少的反应选择量更多。这一结果在发球视频中成立,F(2,48)=25.746,p0.01,在攻球视频中也成立,F(2,48)=3.301,p0.05。本研究的结论为专家预判优势会导致反应选择量的进一步减少,同时利用不断增多的信息来逐步缩小自己的选择范围。
[Abstract]:In the field of sports, open skills often require a very fast response, and high level athletes need to hit the ball with great precision. In this reaction time pressure, the ability to predict a very important ability to win. Using the expert-novice paradigm, a large number of studies have confirmed the existence of expert predictive advantage. There are two main explanations for the advantages of expert prejudgment: selective attention and information integration. High-level athletes can focus on some environmental information while ignoring others, and can also integrate information that exists independently in the environment. It can be inferred from both hypotheses that expert prejudgment will lead to a decrease in the amount of response selection. To verify the above hypothesis, we designed a new cue-cue experimental paradigm. The experiment was designed to present a table tennis video to the participants, and then to perform the task of selecting one from nine. The position of the ball in the table tennis video may be consistent with the position of the target stimulus in the nine-choice task (the effective cue group may or may not be consistent) (the invalid cue group, the probability of consistency is 75%). Based on Hick's law, we can use the reaction time to calculate the reaction selection. The experimental subjects were divided into expert group and novice group. The expert group was composed of 17 national second-level table tennis players, and the novice group was composed of 17 ordinary college students without professional training experience. The results show that the interaction between the group and the validity of cues is significant in the prediction of serve, and in the prediction of attacking ball, it is also significant in the prediction of attacking ball, which is 7.356p0. 01. The results show that: (1) the interaction between the group and the cues effectiveness is significant in the prediction of serve / 5.104 / 0.031, respectively. For the serve video group, both experts and novices use the information presented in the table tennis video to predict ahead of time, reducing the response selection amount to less than 9 in the selection task of Nine selections, but reducing the number of response selections to 4.312p0.001. For the attacking video group, only the expert response selection will be reduced because of effective clues.) with the increase of table tennis video information, there is no effect on the novice response selection, but the expert group reduces the response selection more. The results were found in the serving video and in the attack video, respectively. The conclusion of this study is that the advantage of expert prejudgment will lead to further reduction of response selection, and at the same time, the increasing information is used to gradually narrow down the scope of selection.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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