《杀死一只知更鸟》的结构主义解读

发布时间：2018-05-29 02:50

本文选题：结构主义 + 《杀死一只知更鸟》　；参考：《北方工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：哈珀·李是南方文学的代表之一。她的小说《杀死一只知更鸟》于1961年获得普利策奖。在这本书中,作者透过儿童的视角,揭示了美国南方的种族歧视,和阶级观念的积弊,也探讨了人性道德的重要性。本论文以结构主义的分析方法为基础,探讨了隐藏在小说中的结构,同时也分析结构之下的作者一直强调的主题。在对于《杀死一只知更鸟》相关的资料与结构主义相关理论进行梳理后,本论文的主体分为三个部分。第一部分运用二元对立的方法,分析了白人/黑人、成人/儿童、男人/女人的人物二元对立,城镇/乡村、家/学校的场景二元对立,邪恶/正义、偏见/接受、天真/成熟的主题二元对立。结构主义二元对立分析使小说中的诸多关系项得以清晰化,厘清纷繁复杂的表层现象,是整个结构分析的基础。第二部分运用托多罗夫的叙事语法,分析了小说中的叙事结构。这部叙事作品的叙事结构由两条叙事序列组成,一是两兄妹的成长序列,二是案件发展序列。这两条叙事序列相互影响,共同推动叙事的发展。第三部分运用格雷马斯结构语义学中行动元模式和语义方阵。行动元模式分析了人物与情节关系的行动结构。情节的发展与历史的进程一样,有人推动,有人阻碍,最终在蜿蜒中前进。语义方阵分析了意义深层结构,拓展了这一经典文本的内在价值。《杀死一只知更鸟》的结构主义研究不仅能从宏观上把握小说,也可以帮助理解成长小说的内涵。成长小说,或者说所有的叙事小说表现形式千变万化,但是原型结构却相对来说非常有限,这种原型结构就是文化模型的外现。经典作品不仅是作者一己的兴叹,更是整个民族与时代的自我表达。只有这样,结构主义才能实现生成永恒意义的终极目标。
[Abstract]:Harper Lee is one of the representatives of Southern Literature. Her novel Kill a Mockingbird won the Pulitzer Prize in 1961. In this book, the author reveals the racial discrimination in the southern United States and the disadvantages of class concept, and discusses the importance of human morality through children's perspective. On the basis of structuralist analysis, this paper explores the structure hidden in the novel, and at the same time, analyzes the themes emphasized by the authors under the structure. The main body of this thesis is divided into three parts after combing the relevant data and structuralism theory of killing a Mockingbird. The first part analyzes the binary opposition of white / black, adult / child, man / woman, town / country, home / school, evil / justice, prejudice / acceptance. Naive / mature theme of duality. The analysis of structuralism dualistic opposition makes many relation items in the novel clear, and clarifies the complicated surface phenomenon, which is the basis of the whole structure analysis. The second part uses Todorov's narrative grammar to analyze the narrative structure in the novel. The narrative structure of this narrative works consists of two narrative sequences, one is the growth sequence of the two brothers and sisters, the other is the case development sequence. These two narrative sequences influence each other and promote the development of narrative together. The third part uses the action element pattern and the semantic square matrix in the structural semantics of Graymas. The action element model analyzes the action structure of the relationship between character and plot. The plot, like the course of history, is driven, obstructed, and winds through its course. The semantic square array analyzes the deep structure of meaning and expands the intrinsic value of this classic text. The study of Structuralism in Kill a Mockingbird can not only grasp the novel macroscopically, but also help to understand the connotation of the growing up novel. Although the expression forms of growing up novels or all narrative novels vary greatly, the archetypal structure is relatively limited. This archetypal structure is the appearance of the cultural model. Classic works are not only the author's own exclamation, but also the self-expression of the whole nation and times. Only in this way can structuralism achieve the ultimate goal of generating eternal meaning.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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