从顺应论角度分析《瓦尔登湖》的两个汉译本
发布时间：2018-07-20 08:52
【摘要】：本文从顺应论角度分析《瓦尔登湖》的徐迟和杜先菊译本。《瓦尔登湖》于1854年首次出版,全名为《瓦尔登湖,或林中生活》,生动地描述了亨利·戴维·梭罗独自居住在瓦尔登湖畔小屋的生活,是美国文学中最具影响力和最引人入胜的书之一。早在1949年,徐迟就以《华尔腾》为名翻译出汉译本。他于1982年仔细修订了初版本,并更名为《瓦尔登湖》,1993年对其完善后至今仍畅销不衰。作为里程碑的徐译本是研究《瓦尔登湖》汉译本的必选。本文选取的另一个版本是杜先菊翻译的全注疏本,2015年华东师范大学出版社首次出版。此全注疏译本还未曾有人研究过。顺应论认为使用语言必然要不断地做选择,这种选择是有意识的或无意识的,是由语言内部和语言外部的原因所驱动的。翻译过程中,选择贯穿始终。在《瓦尔登湖》的翻译中,徐迟和杜先菊的选择各有不同。首先,选择当译之本时,徐迟自己主动选择翻译《瓦尔登湖》,杜先菊是受委托翻译。其次,从翻译策略来看,虽然二者都主要采用了异化,但徐迟还是漏译很多文化信息。杜先菊则翻译得较全面。再次,从文本意义来看,徐迟直译出来的语句不如杜先菊意译得流畅和地道;徐迟翻译基本意义,而杜先菊借助于克莱默提供的大量注释翻译出了文本的内涵意义。本文主要从顺应论的两个方面来对比分析徐迟和杜先菊的汉译本:语境相关成分顺应和结构客体顺应。前者主要指顺应交际语境,涉及到心理世界、社交世界和物理世界的顺应;后者主要指顺应话语构建成分即语音、词汇、句法和篇章层面的内容。经过对比分析发现:1.语境相关成分顺应。关于心理世界的顺应,徐迟和杜先菊都不同程度地考虑到目的读者的认知能力和审美期待;杜先菊更好地传达了原作者的情感。关于社交世界的顺应,由于那个时代的对外交流限制,徐迟有时未能顺应美国当时的社会政治背景,导致某些地方误译;在社会关系的顺应中,杜先菊动态顺应了中国人的社会价值观。在物理世界的顺应方面,杜先菊的全注疏版本显然更胜一筹,虽然徐迟有时也给出贴心的注释。2.结构客体顺应。语音方面,二者都注重声音效果的传达。词汇方面,杜先菊比徐迟使用了更多的四字格;二者都充分利用汉语谚语来进行翻译。句法方面,两位译者都不同程度地注意到了英汉语形合意合的特征。语篇层面,徐迟比杜先菊更加动态地顺应中国人的思维习惯,原作者的写作意图和篇章的连贯。综上所述,在顺应论的框架指导下,本文对《瓦尔登湖》的徐迟版经典译本和杜先菊版最新译本进行了对比研究,探讨了各自的优劣得失,以期助推《瓦尔登湖》更优译本的诞生。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the Xu Chi and du Xianju versions of Lake Walden from the perspective of adaptation theory. Lake Walden was first published in 1854 under the full name of Lake Walden. "or Life in the Forest." A vivid description of Henry David Thoreau's solitary life in Walden Lake House, one of the most influential and fascinating books in American literature. As early as 1949, Xu Chi translated the Chinese version under the name Walten. He carefully revised the original version in 1982 and changed its name to Lake Walden, which continues to sell well after it was perfected in 1993. Xu's translation as a milestone is a must for studying the Chinese translation of Lake Walden. Another edition selected in this paper is du Xianju's translation, published for the first time in 2015 by East China normal University Press. This full note translation has not been studied. Adaptation theory holds that the choice of language must be constantly made, which is consciously or unconsciously driven by the internal and external reasons of language. In the process of translation, the choice runs through all the time. In the translation of Lake Walden, Xu Chi and Tu Xianju have different choices. First of all, when choosing the translation, Xu Chi chooses to translate Lake Walden. Du Xianju is commissioned to translate. Secondly, in terms of translation strategies, although both of them mainly adopt alienation, Xu Chi still omits a lot of cultural information. Du Xianju was fully translated. Thirdly, the literal translation of Xu Chi is not as smooth and authentic as that of du Xianju, while the basic meaning of Xu Chi translation is not as smooth as that of du Xianju, and du Xianju has translated the meaning of the text with the help of a large number of notes provided by Kramer. This paper makes a contrastive analysis of Xu Chi's and du Xianju's Chinese translations from two aspects of adaptation theory: contextual adaptation and structural object adaptation. The former mainly refers to the adaptation to the communicative context, which involves the mental world, the social world and the physical world, while the latter refers to the content of the construction components of the adaptation discourse, that is, phonetics, vocabulary, syntax and textual level. After comparative analysis, we found that: 1. Contextual adaptation. On the adaptation of psychological world, Xu Chi and du Xianju consider the cognitive ability and aesthetic expectation of the target readers to varying degrees, and du Xianju better conveys the original author's emotion. With regard to the adaptation of the social world, due to the limitations of foreign exchange in that era, Xu Chi sometimes failed to adapt to the social and political background of the United States, leading to some local misinterpretation; in the adaptation of social relations, Du Xianju dynamically conforms to Chinese social values. Du Xianju's full note version is obviously superior in terms of physical adaptation, although Xu Chi sometimes gives a sweet note. 2. Structural object adaptation. In phonetic aspect, both pay attention to the communication of sound effect. In terms of vocabulary, du Xianju uses more four words than Xu Chi, and both use Chinese proverbs for translation. Syntactically, both translators pay attention to the features of hypotaxis in English and Chinese to varying degrees. At the discourse level, Xu Chi is more dynamic than du Xianju in adapting to the Chinese thinking habits, the original author's writing intention and the coherence of the text. To sum up, under the guidance of adaptation Theory, this paper makes a comparative study of the classic version of Walden Lake Xu Chi and the latest version of du Xianju, and discusses their merits and demerits. In order to promote the birth of a better version of Lake Walden.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315.9
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the Xu Chi and du Xianju versions of Lake Walden from the perspective of adaptation theory. Lake Walden was first published in 1854 under the full name of Lake Walden. "or Life in the Forest." A vivid description of Henry David Thoreau's solitary life in Walden Lake House, one of the most influential and fascinating books in American literature. As early as 1949, Xu Chi translated the Chinese version under the name Walten. He carefully revised the original version in 1982 and changed its name to Lake Walden, which continues to sell well after it was perfected in 1993. Xu's translation as a milestone is a must for studying the Chinese translation of Lake Walden. Another edition selected in this paper is du Xianju's translation, published for the first time in 2015 by East China normal University Press. This full note translation has not been studied. Adaptation theory holds that the choice of language must be constantly made, which is consciously or unconsciously driven by the internal and external reasons of language. In the process of translation, the choice runs through all the time. In the translation of Lake Walden, Xu Chi and Tu Xianju have different choices. First of all, when choosing the translation, Xu Chi chooses to translate Lake Walden. Du Xianju is commissioned to translate. Secondly, in terms of translation strategies, although both of them mainly adopt alienation, Xu Chi still omits a lot of cultural information. Du Xianju was fully translated. Thirdly, the literal translation of Xu Chi is not as smooth and authentic as that of du Xianju, while the basic meaning of Xu Chi translation is not as smooth as that of du Xianju, and du Xianju has translated the meaning of the text with the help of a large number of notes provided by Kramer. This paper makes a contrastive analysis of Xu Chi's and du Xianju's Chinese translations from two aspects of adaptation theory: contextual adaptation and structural object adaptation. The former mainly refers to the adaptation to the communicative context, which involves the mental world, the social world and the physical world, while the latter refers to the content of the construction components of the adaptation discourse, that is, phonetics, vocabulary, syntax and textual level. After comparative analysis, we found that: 1. Contextual adaptation. On the adaptation of psychological world, Xu Chi and du Xianju consider the cognitive ability and aesthetic expectation of the target readers to varying degrees, and du Xianju better conveys the original author's emotion. With regard to the adaptation of the social world, due to the limitations of foreign exchange in that era, Xu Chi sometimes failed to adapt to the social and political background of the United States, leading to some local misinterpretation; in the adaptation of social relations, Du Xianju dynamically conforms to Chinese social values. Du Xianju's full note version is obviously superior in terms of physical adaptation, although Xu Chi sometimes gives a sweet note. 2. Structural object adaptation. In phonetic aspect, both pay attention to the communication of sound effect. In terms of vocabulary, du Xianju uses more four words than Xu Chi, and both use Chinese proverbs for translation. Syntactically, both translators pay attention to the features of hypotaxis in English and Chinese to varying degrees. At the discourse level, Xu Chi is more dynamic than du Xianju in adapting to the Chinese thinking habits, the original author's writing intention and the coherence of the text. To sum up, under the guidance of adaptation Theory, this paper makes a comparative study of the classic version of Walden Lake Xu Chi and the latest version of du Xianju, and discusses their merits and demerits. In order to promote the birth of a better version of Lake Walden.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315.9
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