双性同体视域下海明威战争小说中两性关系嬗变研究

发布时间：2019-01-05 14:17

【摘要】：长久以来,人们一直认为欧内斯特·海明威(1899-1961)是大男子主义和男性特质陈旧观念的代表。但是随着越来越多的学者对他笔下描写的女性及性别等问题的关注,人们发现他在作品中对女性人物的境遇和感受,尤其对构建成功和谐的两性关系给予了极大地关注。在他的作品中,他渴望探究男性特质和女性特质在个体及两性间是如何相互作用和相互影响的。本文试图在双性同体视域下对海明威三部战争小说中的两性关系及其嬗变过程进行深入的研究。以双性同体理论为依托,本文发现在海明威的三部战争小说中,男性特质和女性特质的状态和两性关系之间有密切的关联。在《太阳照常升起》中,海明威呈现了男性气质和女性气质既可以共存于一个个体也可以共存于两性之间。杰克对女性特质的接受和布莱特对男性特质的坚持让这两个不被当时传统价值所接受的两个人彼此靠近。在《永别了,武器》中,海明威似乎想调和男性特质和女性特质之间的关系,所以他在亨利和凯瑟琳之间建立了一个更可靠的基于爱和性的两性关系。其中,男女主人公也经历了由单性特质向双性特质的演变。最后,在第三部战争小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》中,海明威让男性特质和女性特质在个体及两性之间实现了融合,从而让乔丹和玛瑞亚把彼此看成是自我的一部分,真正的融为一体,即使死亡也不能摧毁这份坚固的两性关系。通过详尽的分析,最后得出结论:海明威也认为双性同体是个体及两性关系的最佳状态。他在三篇战争小说中成功地塑造了三对具有双性特质的人物并揭示了男性特质和女性特质在个体及两性间是如何相互作用和互相影响的。依此看来,海明威也是一个具有双性意识的作家。
[Abstract]:Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) has long been regarded as a representative of masculinism and masculinity stereotypes. However, with more and more scholars paying attention to the problems of women and gender in his works, people find that he pays great attention to the circumstances and feelings of female characters in his works, especially to the construction of a successful and harmonious relationship between men and women. In his works, he is eager to explore how masculinity and femininity interact and interact with each other. This paper attempts to make a deep study of the relationship and its evolution in Hemingway's three war novels from the perspective of androgyny. Based on the theory of androgyny, this paper finds that in Hemingway's three war novels, there is a close relationship between the state of male trait and female trait and the relationship between the two sexes. In Sun as usual, Hemingway presents that masculinity and femininity can coexist both as an individual and between the sexes. Jack's acceptance of femininity and Brett's insistence on masculinity bring the two men close to each other who are not accepted by traditional values at the time. In Farewell, Arms, Hemingway seems to want to reconcile masculinity with femininity, so he builds a more reliable relationship between Henry and Catherine based on love and sex. Among them, the hero and heroine also experienced the evolution from unisexual to bisexual. Finally, in the third war novel who the Bell tolls, Hemingway combines masculine and feminine traits between the individual and the sexes, allowing Jordan and Mariah to see each other as part of themselves. True integration, even death, cannot destroy this solid relationship. Through detailed analysis, it is concluded that Hemingway also thinks that bisexuality is the best state of individual and sexual relationship. In his three war novels, he successfully molded three pairs of characters with bisexual characteristics and revealed how male and female traits interact and interact with each other between individuals and genders. From this point of view, Hemingway is also a bisexual consciousness of the writer.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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