株行距配置对日光温室黄瓜光合作用及产量的影响

发布时间：2018-04-04 13:10

本文选题：株行距配置　切入点：光合作用　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了实现日光温室黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)生产中农机与农艺的结合,减轻劳动强度,提高劳动效率,本文以‘津绿30’为试材,设置株行距分别为22 cm×50 cm,120 cm(T1);26 cm×50 cm,120 cm(T2);30 cm×50 cm,120 cm(T3)3个处理,以当前常规行株距配置31 cm×50 cm,70 cm为对照(CK),研究株行距配置对黄瓜光合作用、碳代谢、生长量、产量及品质的影响。主要结果如下:1.行距相同时,随着株距的减小和种植密度的增加,植株各层次叶片的叶面积和光量子通量密度(PFD)逐渐增加。单位土地面积上T2和T3的叶面积多明显小于CK,而T1与CK差异不显著。2.各时期光合速率(Pn)均以第4叶最高,第1叶和8叶其次,第12叶最低。不同株行距配置黄瓜叶片的Pn日变化规律基本相同,均呈单峰曲线型,高峰出现在13:00左右。各处理日光温室黄瓜的光饱和点差异不大,而T3的光补偿点明显大于CK。与CK相比,T1的表观量子效率(AQY)较大,而T2、T3变化较小。3.随着单位面积株数的减少,黄瓜功能叶片的核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase)和Rubisco活性酶(RCA)活性趋于增大;加大行距可促进黄瓜叶片有机碳的转化和糖的积累。4.T1、T2、T3日光温室黄瓜的发病率和病情指数均显著低于CK,说明增加大行距可明显减轻病害发生。黄瓜单位面积土地上的叶面积和干物质量随着种植密度的减小而减小,与CK相比,T2和T3的叶/瓜较小,而T1变化不大。T1处理的黄瓜产量与CK差异不显著,而T2和T3的明显低于CK。5.随着单位面积株数的减少,黄瓜果实中的可溶性糖、蛋白、氨基酸和Vc含量多趋于增加,T1与CK差异不大。可见,在单位面积株数相同条件下,增加行距减小株距对黄瓜产量和品质影响不大,可在产量和品质不受影响的前提下实现机械化操作。
[Abstract]:In order to realize Cucumis sativus L.The combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy in production can lighten the labor intensity and improve the labor efficiency. In this paper, 'Jinlu 30' was used as the test material, and the plant row spacing was 22 cm 脳 50 cm / kg 120 cm ~ (-1) and 26 cm 脳 50 cm ~ (-1) ~ (26 cm 脳 50 cm ~ (-1) ~ 120 cm ~ (-1) C ~ (2)) ~ (30 cm 脳 50 cm ~ (-1) ~ (120) cm ~ (T3)), respectively.The effects of row spacing on photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, growth, yield and quality of cucumber were studied.The main results are as follows: 1.With the decrease of plant spacing and the increase of plant density, the leaf area and light quantum flux density (PFDs) of leaves at all levels of the plant increased with the same row spacing.The leaf area of T2 and T3 on unit land area was much smaller than that of CK, but there was no significant difference between T1 and CK.The photosynthetic rate (PN) was the highest in the 4th leaf, followed by the first leaf and the eighth leaf, and the lowest in the 12th leaf.The rule of PN diurnal variation of cucumber leaves with different plant spacing was basically the same, and all of them showed a single peak curve, and the peak appeared at about 13:00.The light saturation point of cucumber in solar greenhouse was not different, but the light compensation point of T3 was significantly higher than that of CK.Compared with CK, the apparent quantum efficiency of T 1 is higher than that of CK, while the change of T 2 T 3 is smaller. 3.With the decrease of the number of plants per unit area, the activities of rubus carboxylase (RuBPC) and Rubisco activity enzyme (rca) in cucumber functional leaves tended to increase.Increasing row spacing could promote the conversion of organic carbon in cucumber leaves and the accumulation of sugar. 4. The incidence and disease index of cucumber in solar greenhouse were significantly lower than that in CK.The leaf area and dry matter mass of cucumber per unit area decreased with the decrease of planting density, and the leaf / melon ratio of T _ 2 and T _ 3 was smaller than that of CK, while the yield of cucumber treated with T1 was not significantly different from CK, but the yield of T _ 2 and T _ 3 was significantly lower than CK, and that of T _ 2 and T _ 3 was significantly lower than that of CK.With the decrease of plant number per unit area, the contents of soluble sugar, protein, amino acid and VC in cucumber fruit tended to increase.Therefore, under the same number of plants per unit area, increasing row spacing and decreasing plant spacing had little effect on yield and quality of cucumber, and mechanized operation could be realized on the premise that yield and quality were not affected.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S626;S642.2

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