海坛岛公园植物多样性及群落结构的夏季微气候分析评价

发布时间：2018-04-04 14:39

  本文选题：植物多样性　切入点：海岛型城市　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究采用全面样方与典型样地相结合的方式,测定5个公园的植物多样性,并筛选出11个具有代表性的典型样地,测定群落结构的组成、结构特征及夏季7-9月的微气候(光照、风速、温度和相对湿度),分析与探讨公园植物多样性的影响因素,群落结构夏季微气候的影响因子,揭示海坛岛公园植物多样性及群落结构夏季微气候之间的相关性,为公园植物多样性提升、植物群落构建与优化提出建设性意见。结果表明:(1)5个公园共有植物89科208属276种,含野生植物146种和园林植物131种,公园发现银杏Ginkgo biloba、珊瑚菜Glehnia littoralis等,体现着濒危植物与特色植物的保护与利用。外来植物118种,国外来源92种和国内来源26种。外来植物修饰生境的同时也具有入侵可能,每个公园出现入侵植物10种以上,占国外外来植物的38.04%。从植物区系上分析,含≥10种的科有菊科Asteraceae、豆科Fabaceae、大戟科Euphorbiaceae等,含2-4种的科占较大比例。含≥10种的属有榕属Ficus,单种属占较高比例。外来植物丰富了公园植物区系,其热带成分较原生植物为明显,对适生植物筛选与引种具有借鉴意义。生境与绿地设计促使滨海公园与离海公园的植物多样性产生差异,有助于β多样性的提高。滨海恶劣生境使得滨海公园较离海公园的植物多样性低。人工绿地设计造成公园间的植物物种同质化程度高,缺乏特色植物。(2)由CCA分析(Canonicalcorrespondenceanalysis)结果显示植物群落内的不同树种对温湿度的调节具有差异,而树冠面积、乔木高度等群落结构能掩盖个体树种的优势。逐步回归结果表明温度效应由环境因子(光照和风速)、群落组成与结构(乔木层Shannon-Wiener指数、树冠面积和乔木高度)共同影响,湿度效应由群落结构(树冠面积、枝下高和冠层郁闭度)相互作用影响,群落的组成与结构降低光照和风速对温湿效应的影响。样方的不舒适程度均为Ⅳ级以上,可能与太阳辐射在热传导过程造成的环境高温有关。(3)由植物群落评价的准则层权重值可知,生态功能较文化社会功能和景观功能更受到重视。海坛岛公园植物群落构建中,健康安全度被认为是基础与重点,舒适度其次。地域特色的权重值相对较低,重视程度较低。植物群落评价体系为海坛岛公园植物群落的优化与构建提供参考。针对海坛岛公园在植物应用与植物群落构建的现状,提出在观赏物种筛选、外来物种的管理、生境改善3个方面相应的建议。
[Abstract]:In this study, the plant diversity of 5 parks was determined by the combination of comprehensive plots and typical plots, and 11 representative typical plots were selected to determine the composition of community structure.The structure characteristics and microclimate (light, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity) in July and September in summer were analyzed and discussed. The influencing factors of plant diversity and community structure in summer were analyzed and discussed.To reveal the correlation between plant diversity and community structure in Haitan Island Park in summer, and put forward some constructive suggestions for the improvement of plant diversity and the construction and optimization of plant community in Haitan Island Park.The results showed that there were 276 species of plants in 89 families, 208 genera, including 146 species of wild plants and 131 species of garden plants in 5 parks. Ginkgo biloba and Glehnia littoralis were found in the park, which showed the protection and utilization of endangered plants and characteristic plants.118 species of exotic plants, 92 species from abroad and 26 species from domestic sources.There are more than 10 invasive plants in each park, accounting for 38.04% of foreign exotic plants.Flora analysis showed that the families containing more than 10 species were Asteraceaeae, Fabaceaeae, Euphorbiaceae and so on, and the families containing 2-4 species accounted for a large proportion.Ficus, which contains more than 10 species, has a higher proportion in single genus.The exotic plants enrich the flora of the park, and their tropical components are more obvious than those of the native plants, which can be used for reference in the selection and introduction of suitable plants.The design of habitat and greenbelt promotes the difference of plant diversity between coastal park and off-sea park, and contributes to the improvement of 尾 -diversity.The plant diversity of littoral park is lower than that of off-sea park.Artificial greenbelt design resulted in high degree of homogenization of plant species among parks, and lack of characteristic plants. (2) the results of CCA analysis showed that the regulation of temperature and humidity was different among different species in plant community, but the canopy area was different.The community structure such as tree height can cover up the superiority of individual tree species.The results of stepwise regression showed that the temperature effect was affected by environmental factors (light and wind speed), community composition and structure (Shannon-Wiener index of tree layer, crown area and tree height), and humidity effect was affected by community structure (canopy area).The community composition and structure reduced the effect of light and wind speed on the temperature and humidity effect.The uncomfortableness degree of the sample is above grade 鈪，

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