宁夏扬黄灌区不同灌溉模式对玉米生长及土壤水分时空分布的影响

发布时间：2018-04-04 15:25

本文选题：玉米　切入点：膜侧滴灌　出处：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对宁夏扬黄灌区大田玉米水肥利用率低、滴灌投入高、劳动强度大等实际问题,本研究在国家旱作高效节水农业科技示范园(同心县王团镇)进行试验,共设置9种不同灌溉模式组合,系统研究了不同灌溉模式(膜侧滴灌、膜下滴灌、露地滴灌)与灌溉定额(160、200、240 m3/667m2)对玉米生长发育、水分分布特征及水分生产函数的影响,并通过建立扬黄灌区玉米膜侧节水灌溉水分生产函数模型,筛选出最佳节水技术模式,为扬黄灌区玉米水资源高效利用提供理论支撑和技术依据。主要研究结果如下:1、通过田间对比试验,不同灌溉模式组合对玉米生长发育、水分利用效率及产量的研究。结果表明,膜侧滴灌种植玉米生育期时长、株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、产量最佳。不同灌水定额和种植模式处理的玉米产量之间存在显著性差异。膜侧滴灌低水量的水分生产效率最高,达到2.85kg/m3(产量为686.94kg/667m2),露地滴灌高水量的水分生产效率最低,为1.96 kg/m3(产量为657.33 kg/667m2)。膜侧滴灌高水量产量最高,为728.79 kg/667m2,但水分生产效率仅为2.31 kg/m3,说明产量高,水分生产效率不一定最高。膜侧滴灌种植玉米产量及水分生产效率高于其他灌溉技术,是宁夏扬黄灌区适宜的节水灌溉技术,灌溉定额为160 m3的玉米水分生产效率最高,节水增效明显,可作为当地较适宜的灌溉制度。2、玉米全生育期,土壤含水率均呈现出随土层深度增加而增加,随后逐渐减小的变化趋势。在相同灌溉定额下,苗期膜下滴灌种植和膜侧滴灌种植模式0-20 cm 土壤含水率比露地滴灌种植分别高9.80%和13.6%;拔节期20-40 cm 土层深度膜侧滴灌种植与膜下滴灌种植的土壤含水率比露地滴灌种植分别高5.00%和3.80%;抽雄期膜侧滴灌种植模式比其他两种种植模式20-40 cm 土壤含水率分别高1.58%和4.68%;灌浆期膜侧滴灌种植模式比其他两种种植模式20-40 cm土壤含水率分别高0.20%和2.53%,说明膜侧滴灌种植模式可以明显提高玉米根系吸水层的土壤含水率。3、通过采用多元回归分析方法,建立玉米膜侧节水灌溉水分生产函数模型,并对模拟效果进行评价,结果表明,Jensen模型符合玉米生长需水规律,模拟值与实测值高度吻合,模拟精度较高。对Jensen模型参数进行F显著性检验,达到极显著水平(P0.01,S=0.06),预测出的产量比较精确。该模型可作为宁夏扬黄灌区膜侧双行靠滴灌玉米的水分生产函数模型,为宁夏扬黄灌区玉米优化灌溉制度设计提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:In view of the practical problems such as low utilization rate of water and fertilizer, high input of drip irrigation and large labor intensity in the field of Ningxia Yanghuang Irrigation District, the experiment was carried out in the National demonstration Garden of High-efficiency Water-saving Agricultural Science and Technology (Wangtuanzhen, Tongxin County).The effects of different irrigation patterns (film side drip irrigation, submembrane drip irrigation, open field drip irrigation) and irrigation quota (160200240 m3 / 667m2) on maize growth and development, water distribution characteristics and water production function were studied.Through the establishment of water production function model of water-saving irrigation on film side of maize in Yanghuang Irrigation area, the best water-saving technology model is selected, which provides theoretical support and technical basis for the efficient utilization of water resources of maize in Yanghuang Irrigation area.The main results are as follows: 1. Through field contrast experiment, the effects of different irrigation patterns on maize growth, water use efficiency and yield were studied.The results showed that the growth period, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and yield were the best.There was significant difference in maize yield between different irrigation quota and planting pattern.The water production efficiency of drip irrigation was the highest, reaching 2.85 kg / m ~ (3) (yield 686.94 kg / 667m ~ (2)), and the water production efficiency of high water content in open-field drip irrigation was the lowest (1.96 kg / m ~ (3)) (yield was 657.33 kg / 667m ~ (2)).The highest water yield was 728.79 kg / 667m2, but the water production efficiency was only 2.31 kg / m ~ (3), which indicated that the yield was high and the water production efficiency was not the highest.The yield and water production efficiency of maize planted by film side drip irrigation was higher than other irrigation techniques, and it was an appropriate water-saving irrigation technology in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia. The irrigation quota of 160 m3 was the highest in water production efficiency, and the efficiency of water saving and increasing efficiency was obvious.The soil moisture content increased with the increase of soil depth and then decreased gradually.Under the same irrigation quota,The soil moisture content of 0-20 cm soil was 9.80% and 13.6% higher than that of open field drip irrigation cultivation, respectively, and the soil moisture content of 20 ~ 40 cm depth film drip irrigation planting and under film drip irrigation planting was higher than that of open field drip irrigation at jointing stage 20 ~ 40 cm depth.The soil moisture content of the film side drip irrigation was 1.58% and 4.68% higher than that of the other two planting models, respectively, and the film side drip irrigation planting pattern was 20 ~ 40 cm higher than the other two planting models in filling stage. The soil moisture content of the film side drip irrigation was higher than that of the other two planting models. The soil moisture content of the film side drip irrigation was 1.58% and 4.68% higher than that of the other two planting models respectively.0.20% and 2.53% higher, indicating that the soil moisture content of root absorbent layer of maize can be significantly increased by film side drip irrigation, and the method of multivariate regression analysis was used.The water production function model of water-saving irrigation on film side of maize was established, and the simulation effect was evaluated. The results showed that the Jensen model accords with the law of maize growth water demand, and the simulated value is in good agreement with the measured value, and the simulation accuracy is high.The Jensen model parameters were tested by F significance test and reached the extremely significant level (P0.01S0. 06), and the predicted yield was more accurate.The model can be used as the water production function model of drip irrigation maize on film side in Ningxia Yanghuang Irrigation area, and provides the theoretical basis for the optimal irrigation system design of maize in Ningxia Yanghuang Irrigation area.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513;S152.7

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