不同纤维源日粮对梅花鹿瘤胃微生物和营养利用的影响

发布时间：2018-04-10 09:47

本文选题：梅花鹿　切入点：纤维源　出处：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：梅花鹿是我国珍贵的鹿科反刍动物,具有很高的经济和药用价值。在自然条件下梅花鹿喜食一些嫩草和嫩植物枝叶,但在人工饲养条件下主要以粗饲料为主,精饲料为辅。人工饲养条件下日粮粗纤维来源不同,其瘤胃微生物群落特征及内环境为适应外源营养差异必然会发生变化。因此研究不同粗纤维来源日粮结构对梅花鹿瘤胃微生物菌群结构、瘤胃液和血液中各项指标以及营养物质消化的影响,对全面了解梅花鹿的营养需要和完善其日粮结构具有重要意义。本实验分别用玉米秸秆和柞树叶作为梅花鹿粗饲料,通过高通量测序对梅花鹿的瘤胃微生物结构进行检测和分析,同时观察瘤胃液内环境参数、血清生化指标以及养分消化的变化,以研究不同纤维源日粮组成下梅花鹿瘤胃内微生物群落结构以及各营养物质利用的变化,为进一步优化人工饲养条件下梅花鹿的日粮结构和饲养标准提供理论依据。实验结果显示,拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门在玉米秸秆(A组)和柞树叶(B组)两组中占主导地位,平均相对丰度分别为41.66%和38.97%(A组),67.23%和11.37%(B组)。普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、丁酸弧菌属(Butyrivibrio)和瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)在A组中的丰度较高,平均相对丰度分别为18.07%、2.81%和1.51%。而B组中,普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、琥珀酸弧菌属(Succinivibrio)、解琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)和瘤胃杆菌属(Ruminobacter)占主导位置,平均相对丰度分别为41.41%、13.12%、2.56%和1.56%。对玉米秸秆(A组)和柞树叶(B组)两组内环境参数和血清生化指标进行检测,结果显示,玉米秸秆组(A组)与柞树叶组(B组)相比较,瘤胃液中总挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、氨态氮(NH3-N)和菌体蛋白(BCP)的浓度明显下降(P0.05),说明柞树叶组能量的产生以及氮的消化和利用优于玉米秸秆组,血清生化指标的结果也证明这一结论。此外,瘤胃液和血清的pH、内毒素以及组织胺的含量均没有明显的差异(P0.05)。观察两种纤维素源日粮下梅花鹿各物质的消化率,结果发现,无论柞树叶组的干物质还是有机物质摄食量,以及干物质消化率均优于玉米秸秆组,且两组各观测值具有明显差异(P0.05)。虽然柞树叶组的中性洗涤纤维摄食量明显低于玉米秸秆组(P0.05),但其消化率却明显高于玉米秸秆组(P0.05)。综上,以玉米秸秆和柞树叶为粗纤维源的两组日粮在满足梅花鹿营养需要的基础上,两组梅花鹿的瘤胃微生物区系发生相对变化,且瘤胃内环境均保持稳定。同时相较之下柞树叶日粮组的瘤胃微生物能更加有效的降解纤维素和其它营养物质,产生的VFAs、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、NH3-N和BCP浓度亦相对较高,提高了其干物质、有机物及中性洗涤纤维消化率。
[Abstract]:Sika deer is a precious ruminant of deer family in China, which has high economic and medicinal value.Sika deer likes to eat some tender grass and tender plant branches and leaves under natural conditions, but under artificial feeding conditions, roughage is the main food and concentrate is supplementary.Under the condition of artificial feeding, the characteristics of rumen microbial community and the internal environment will change in order to adapt to the external nutrition difference.Therefore, the effects of dietary structure of different crude fiber sources on rumen microbial flora, rumen fluid and blood indexes and nutrient digestibility of Sika deer were studied.It is of great significance to understand the nutritional needs of sika deer and improve their dietary structure.In this experiment, corn straw and oak leaf were used as forage for sika deer respectively. The rumen microbial structure of sika deer was detected and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, and the environmental parameters in rumen fluid were observed at the same time.The changes of serum biochemical indexes and nutrient digestibility were studied in order to study the changes of microbial community structure and nutrient utilization in rumen of Sika deer under different fiber source diets.It provides theoretical basis for further optimization of diet structure and feeding standard of sika deer under artificial feeding conditions.The concentration of butyric acid, ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N) and bacterial protein BCP) decreased significantly (P 0.05), which indicated that the energy production, nitrogen digestion and utilization of oak leaf group were better than that of corn straw group, and the result of serum biochemical index also proved this conclusion.In addition, there was no significant difference in pH, endotoxin and histamine content between rumen fluid and serum.The digestibility of various substances of sika deer under two kinds of cellulose source diets was observed. The results showed that both dry matter and organic matter intake and dry matter digestibility of oak leaf group were better than that of corn straw group.The observed values of the two groups were significantly different (P 0.05).Although the neutral detergent fiber intake of oak leaf group was significantly lower than that of corn straw group, the digestibility of oak leaf group was significantly higher than that of corn straw group.At the same time, rumen microbes of oak leaf diet could degrade cellulose and other nutrients more effectively, and the concentrations of VFS, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyrate NH3-N and BCP were also higher than those of lower oak leaf diet, which increased the dry matter.Digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S825.5

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