水稻覆膜直播技术种植密度研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 09:22

本文选题：种植密度　切入点：有效穗粒数　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水稻是我省主要的粮食作物之一,其种植需要消耗大量的水。而我省水资源呈周期性丰枯变化,水资源量中约有61%是洪水径流量,通常形成春季干旱少雨,夏季湿润多雨,出现江河洪水和非洪水干燥,即是洪水年和枯水年。而传统的水稻栽培方式对水的依靠和需求量非常大,这样我省水稻生产势必会受到限制。然而水稻覆膜直播种植技术具有省时省力,节水节肥,无需施用除草剂,是生产绿色、有机稻米的有效方法。因此,发展节水农业对解决我国水资源短缺问题,以及实现可持续发展战略和生产有机稻米保障我国人口食物安全具有重大的现实意义与长远意义。本研究受国家自然科学基金项目"可降解地膜覆盖对土壤水分运移的影响规律研究(项目编号51509155)"的支持。本论文依据2016年在辽宁省海城市温香镇达连的水稻试验田进行区域试验,通过正交试验分析的方式,研究水稻覆膜直播种植技术中不同的株距(A:14/17/20)、行距(B:20/25/30)、及其每穴株数(C:4/6/8),对水稻的长势、产量、品质及其经济性指标的影响。从而确定水稻覆膜直播种植的最佳种植密度,为新型水稻覆膜直播技术的种植密度提供科学的理论依据。(1)中期长势与密度关系:通过正交试验得出覆膜直播种植在株距14,行距25,粒数8时,水稻的中期长势最好。(2)产量构成因素与密度的关系表现为:水稻的有效穗粒数受株距和行距的影响显著,其中行距的影响最大。行距并不是越大越好,当行距大于20cm时,穗粒数随着行距增加而增多;超过25cm时,有效穗粒数保持稳定,因此说明行距在25-30cm是有利于增加穗粒数。从趋势图上可以看出随着株距增大穗粒数也随之增加,呈正相关关系。每穴粒数从趋势图上可以看出随着每穴株数的增加先减小在增加。水稻的有效穗数随着行距与株距的增大而减小。由此可得水稻的每穴有效穗数与种植密度构成反比关系。水稻的有效穗数随着每穴株数的增加呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。对千粒重的影响:株距并不是越大越好,当株距小于17cm时,苗高度随着随着株距减小而增大,但是增大的幅度不是十分明显,而在株距为20 cm的时候达到最大。通过实验数据分析可得当株距为20cm,行距为30 cm,每穴粒数为6粒时,采用新型水稻覆膜直播技术种植的水稻的产量最高。
[Abstract]:Rice is one of the main food crops in our province.However, the water resources of our province change periodically, about 61% of the water resources are flood runoff, which usually form spring drought and little rain, wet and rainy summer, rivers flood and non-flood dry, that is, flood year and dry year.However, the traditional rice cultivation methods depend on and demand a lot of water, so rice production in our province is bound to be restricted.However, the technology of direct seeding with film mulching is an effective way to produce green and organic rice, because it saves time and effort, saves water and fertilizer, and does not need herbicides.Therefore, it is of great practical and long-term significance to develop water-saving agriculture to solve the shortage of water resources, to realize the strategy of sustainable development and to produce organic rice to ensure the food security of Chinese population.This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "study on the effect of degradable plastic Film mulching on soil moisture Migration (Project No. 51509155)".Based on the regional experiment of rice experiment in Dalien, Wenxiang Town, Haicheng City, Liaoning Province in 2016, this paper carried out an orthogonal experiment.The effects of different plant spacing (A: 14 / 17 / 20), row spacing (B: 20 / 25 / 30), and the number of plants per hole (C: 4 / 6 / 8) on the growth, yield, quality and economic performance of rice were studied.In order to determine the best planting density of direct seeding with film mulching,To provide a scientific theoretical basis for the planting density of new rice film mulching direct seeding technology. (1) the relationship between growth and density in the medium term: through orthogonal experiment, it was concluded that the plant spacing of film mulching direct seeding was 14, row distance 25, grain number 8.The relationship between yield components and density was as follows: the number of effective grains per panicle was significantly affected by plant spacing and row spacing, among which row spacing was the most important.When the row spacing is larger than 20cm, the number of grains per panicle increases with the increase of row spacing, and when the row spacing exceeds 25cm, the number of effective grains per panicle remains stable, which indicates that row spacing in 25-30cm is beneficial to increase the number of grains per panicle.It can be seen from the trend map that the number of grains per panicle increases with the increase of plant spacing, which is positively correlated.It can be seen from the trend map that the number of grains per hole decreases first with the increase of the number of plants per hole.The number of effective panicles decreased with the increase of row spacing and plant spacing.It is concluded that the number of effective panicles per hole in rice is inversely proportional to the planting density.The number of effective panicles of rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of the number of plants per hole.The effect on 1000-grain weight: the plant spacing is not the bigger the better. When the plant spacing is less than 17cm the height of seedlings increases with the decrease of plant spacing but the increase is not very obvious and reaches the maximum when the plant spacing is 20 cm.Through the analysis of experimental data, the rice yield was the highest when the plant spacing was 20 cm, the row spacing was 30 cm, and the number of grains per hole was 6, and the yield of rice planted by the new rice film mulching direct seeding technique was the highest.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511

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