黑木耳菌糠肥料的制备及应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 06:26

本文选题：黑木耳菌糠　切入点：有机肥　出处：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：黑木耳菌糠是黑木耳采摘后废弃的固体培养基质,其有机质和蛋白质含量较高、保水能力较强。但是,目前黑木耳菌糠除了少部分作为作为畜禽饲料、有机肥料继续使用外,大部分几乎都被当作垃圾丢弃或焚烧。为了解决大蒲柴河镇废弃黑木耳段污染问题,达到当地废弃黑木耳段能科学合理的循环利用的目的。本文采用了实地调查与框栽试验相结合的方法,对菌糠堆肥的发酵工艺、有机肥及有机无机复混肥的配方和制备、及其肥效试验进行了研究。研究结果对改变传统菌糠处理方式,提高菌农种植综合效益,改善当地的生态环境提供了科学依据,具有重要的现实意义。现得出结论如下:1、通过实地调研发现大蒲柴河镇废弃黑木耳段污染严重,已经严重影响了当地的生产生活以及生态环境,因此,该镇黑木耳段污染问题急需解决。同时,废弃黑木耳菌糠数量大,且每年都在积累,适宜肥料的产业化生产。2、在堆肥过程中,高温期达到14天以上,能够达到无害化要求。在堆肥末期T值=0.37,GI=87.2%,可以认为菌糠腐熟。腐熟菌糠制成的有机肥、有机无机复混肥养分含量均符合国家及行业标准。3、菌糠制备有机肥、有机无机复混肥栽培小白菜。在小白菜产量方面,所有有机肥+化肥处理与不施肥处理相比产量增加了74.5%~159%。有机无机复混肥处理与不施肥处理相比增加了131.7%~151.4%。4、在氮肥施用量相同的情况下,增施有机肥可以增加小白菜叶绿素含量。有机无机复混肥与单施化肥相比可以增加小白菜的还原型维生素C的含量。硝酸盐含量随着氮肥的减施而逐渐减少。减少有机无机复混肥的施肥量,能够减少小白菜硝酸盐的含量。5、有机肥+化肥处理土壤的碱解氮比种植前上升了1.44%~10.2%,有效磷上升了34%~56.3%,速效钾上升了5.2%~19%。有机无机复混肥处理土壤的有效磷上升了44.2%~55.7%,速效钾上升了2.5%~8.8%。
[Abstract]:Auricularia auricula bran is a solid culture substrate which is discarded after picking. Its organic matter and protein content are higher and its water retention ability is stronger.However, at present, most of Auricularia chaff is discarded or burned as garbage, except for a small part as animal feed and organic fertilizer.In order to solve the pollution problem of the abandoned Auricularia auricularia in Dapchaihe Town, the local waste Auricularia auriculata segment can be scientifically and reasonably recycled.In this paper, the fermentation technology, the formulation and preparation of organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the fertilizer efficiency test were studied by combining the field investigation with the frame experiment.The results provide a scientific basis for changing the traditional treatment of bacterial chaff, improving the comprehensive benefit of bacterial farming and improving the local ecological environment, which is of great practical significance.The conclusions are as follows: 1. Through field investigation, it is found that the pollution of the abandoned Auricularia auricularia section in Dapchai River Town is serious, which has seriously affected the local production, life and ecological environment. Therefore, the pollution problem of the Auricularia auricularia section in this town needs to be solved urgently.At the same time, the amount of waste Auricularia chaff is large and accumulated every year. It is suitable for the industrialization of fertilizer production. In the composting process, the high temperature period is more than 14 days, which can meet the requirements of innocuity.At the end of composting, the T value of 0.37% Gi was 87.2%, and it could be considered that the fungus chaff was ripe.The nutrient contents of the organic fertilizer and the organic inorganic compound fertilizer were all in line with the national and industry standards. The organic fertilizer was prepared from the fungus chaff and the Chinese cabbage was cultivated with organic inorganic compound fertilizer.In the yield of pakchoi, the yield of all organic fertilizer treatments increased by 74.5% and 15.9% compared with that of no fertilizer treatment.Compared with no fertilizer application, the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer treatment increased 131.7% 151.4%. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the chlorophyll content of pakchoi could be increased by adding organic fertilizer.Compared with single fertilizer, organic and inorganic compound fertilizer could increase the content of reduced vitamin C in pakchoi.The nitrate content decreased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer.Reducing the amount of fertilizer can reduce the nitrate content of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.). The alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen of soil treated with organic fertilizer increased by 1.4410. 2, the available phosphorus increased by 34 ~ 56.3and the available potassium increased by 5.2 ~ 1919.The available phosphorus in the soil treated with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer increased by 44.2% and 55.7%, and the available potassium increased by 2.5% and 8.8%.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ446;S634.3

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