中国海藻养殖的生态系统服务及其价值评价

发布时间：2018-04-10 14:07

本文选题：海藻养殖 + 生态系统服务　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国的大规模海藻养殖占全球海藻养殖产量的一半,是世界水产养殖总产量的1/4(按重量计)。除了其巨大的直接经济价值,海藻养殖在生态系统服务方面的贡献也相当巨大,而这并没有得到人们充分的认识和量化。海藻养殖产生的生态系统服务除了固碳释氧净化空气、水体富营养化调节和重金属去除等直接生态系统服务以外,相比陆地农业海藻养殖节省了许多成本,如避免了淡水、农药和化肥的消费,以及巨大的由于耕地性质的改变造成的生态系统服务损失。因此,为加强人们对海藻养殖生态系统服务直接价值与间接价值的认识,本文以2005年-2014年我国以及浙江省和江苏省的养殖海藻为研究对象,利用替代成本法和机会成本法对海藻养殖直接与间接生态系统服务价值进行评价,分析各项服务的重要性。结果显示,直接生态服务价值主要包含三项:海藻固碳价值、海水富营养化调节价值和重金属移除价值。固碳价值采用中国碳交易市场价格(35元/t碳),占比13.72%;富营养化调节及重金属移除价值参照《排污费征收标准管理办法》,占比分别达到65.91%和20.36%。间接生态系统服务价值远大于直接生态系统服务价值,其中1吨海藻可以避免0.22公顷森林转化为耕地,0.077吨肥料,146吨淡水和0.011吨农药以及所产生的生态系统服务损耗。2014年,全国海藻养殖直接和间接生态系统服务分别达到了 13700万元和227.0亿元,浙江省和江苏省的海藻养殖生态系统服务价值分别达到了 49430和31180万元。其中,浙江省和江苏省的海藻养殖三项直接生态服务价值分别达到了 40.96万元、196.55万元、60.71万元和25.83万元、123.98万元、38.29万元,而四项间接生态服务价值分别达到46487.04万元、1160.78万元、308.52万元、1176.71万元和29321.52万元、732.15万元、194.60万元、742.21万元,远大于海藻直接经济价值,而我国绵长的海岸带以及滞后的海藻产业发展规模表明我国海藻养殖具有巨大的发展潜力,促进海藻养殖将成为缓解土地压力和解决全球粮食危机的方案之一。
[Abstract]:Large-scale seaweed farming in China accounts for half of the world's seaweed production, representing a quarter of the world's total aquaculture output (by weight).In addition to its enormous direct economic value, algal farming also contributes significantly to ecosystem services, which has not been fully recognized and quantified.In addition to direct ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and oxygen release, eutrophication regulation and heavy metal removal, marine algal farming can save many costs, such as avoiding fresh water.The consumption of pesticides and fertilizers, and the huge loss of ecosystem services due to changes in the nature of arable land.Therefore, in order to enhance people's understanding of the direct and indirect value of seaweed culture ecosystem services, this paper studies seaweed culture in China from 2005 to 2014, as well as Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces.The value of direct and indirect ecosystem services in algal culture was evaluated by alternative cost method and opportunity cost method, and the importance of each service was analyzed.The results showed that the value of direct ecological services mainly included three items: carbon sequestration value of seaweed eutrophication regulation value and removal value of heavy metals.The value of carbon sequestration is 35 yuan / t carbon price in Chinese carbon trading market, accounting for 13.72%, and eutrophication regulation and heavy metal removal value refer to "Standard Management method of sewage charge Collection", accounting for 65.91% and 20.36% respectively.The value of indirect ecosystem services is much greater than that of direct ecosystem services, of which one ton of seaweed can avoid the loss of 0.22 hectares of forest into 0.077 tons of fertilizer, 146 tons of fresh water and 0.011 tons of pesticides, and the resulting loss of ecosystem services.The direct and indirect ecosystem services of seaweed culture in China reached 137 million yuan and 22.7 billion yuan respectively, and the service value of algae culture ecosystem in Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province reached 49430 and 311.8 million yuan respectively.Among them, Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province have three direct ecological services worth 409600 yuan, 1.9655 million yuan, 607100 yuan and 258300 yuan, 1.2398 million yuan, 382900 yuan, respectively.The value of the four indirect ecological services was 464.8704 million yuan, 11.6078 million yuan, 3.0852 million yuan, 11.7671 million yuan and 293.2152 million yuan, 7.3215 million yuan, 1.946 million yuan, 7.4221 million yuan respectively, which was far greater than the direct economic value of algae.However, the long coastal zone and the lagging scale of seaweed industry in China indicate that algal culture in China has great development potential, and promoting seaweed culture will become one of the solutions to alleviate the land pressure and solve the global food crisis.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S968.4;X826

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