沈阳马耳山森林群落地表可燃物及火险等级的研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 11:07

  本文选题：马耳山 + 林型　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：森林燃烧的物质基础是森林可燃物,森林可燃物也是火行为的主体,研究森林可燃物可为划分森林火险等级、预报森林火灾、科学管理森林可燃物提供重要的理论依据。本文通过调查研究马耳山景区森林主要类型及地表可燃物含水率、载荷量、燃烧性及不同火险等级林型,为该地区地表可燃物的科学管理、控制森林火灾发生提供重要依据。具体研究结果如下:(1)以踏查的方式调查了沈阳马耳山景区的森林类型和每种林型下地表可燃物的种类组成,结果表明:沈阳马耳山的主要林型有12种,分别为油松人工纯林、松栎混交林、辽东栎纯林、桦栎混交林、栎榛混交林、蒙古栎落叶松混交林、槲栎纯林、花曲柳纯林、山杏林、山杨林、杂木林和长白落叶松林。其各种林型下,不同层次可燃物组成不同,其中灌木层和草本层盖度也不一致。(2)以抽取样方法调查研究了该景区内各种林型下地表可燃物含水率及载荷量以及地表可燃物载荷量与林分条件和立地条件的关系。结果显示:不同林型下地表可燃物的含水率差异很大。北坡含水率最高。油松林人工纯林、黑桦辽东栎混交林、花曲柳纯林3个林型平均含水率比较高,而槲栎纯林、山杨林、杂木林的平均含水率比较低。(3)采用外业调查和称量法,研究沈阳马耳山景区主要林型地表可燃物载荷量,结果显示:除油松人工纯林外,其它几种林型的单位面积上地表可燃物载荷量均大于15 t/hm2,普遍属于载荷量较大类型。在林分因子中,地表可燃物载荷量均表现随着林分密度、林龄增大呈负相关关系;在立地因子中,坡向表现为南坡地表可燃物载荷量南坡最高,北坡最低。坡位是随着增高地表可燃物载荷量呈负相关关系。(4)以室内仪器测定法对该景区主要林型地表可燃凋落物燃烧性进行测定,结果表明:12种林型中地表可燃物综合燃烧性比较最易燃的为油松人工纯林,最不易燃的为山杨林及山杏林,较易燃林型有槲栎榛子混交林、油松辽东栎混交林、辽东栎纯林、蒙古栎落叶松混交林、槲栎纯林、花曲柳纯林、黑桦辽东栎混交林、杂木林、落叶松林。(5)采用模糊聚类分析法,以马耳山景区各林型为聚类单元,选取可燃物载荷量、含水率、燃烧性能等与燃烧关系密切的影响因素作为聚类因子,划分出该地区不同火险等级(Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ-Ⅳ)林型,分析结果如下:该景区各个林型综合森林火险等级为:最易燃烧的Ⅰ级火险林型有1个,即油松人工纯林。Ⅱ级别火险林型有3个,分别为油松辽东栎混交林、槲栎榛子混交林、杂木林。Ⅲ级火险林型有6个,分别为辽东栎纯林、蒙古栎落叶松混交林、槲栎纯林、花曲柳纯林、黑桦落叶松混交林、长白落叶松纯林。Ⅳ级火险林型有3个,为山杏林和山杨林。
[Abstract]:The material foundation of forest combustion is forest combustible, and forest combustible matter is also the main body of fire behavior. The study of forest combustibles can provide important theoretical basis for dividing forest fire risk grade, forecasting forest fire, and scientifically managing forest combustible matter.In this paper, the main types of forest and surface combustible water content, load, combustibility and forest types of different fire risk grades in Mal'shan scenic spot are investigated, which provides an important basis for the scientific management of surface combustible matter and the control of forest fire in this area.The specific research results are as follows: (1) the forest types and the composition of surface combustible substances under each forest type in Shenyang Mal'shan scenic spot were investigated by treadmill. The results show that there are 12 main forest types in Shenyang Mal'shan, which are pure artificial forests of Pinus tabulaeformis, respectively.Pine and Quercus mixed Forest, Liaodong Quercus mixed Forest, Betula Quercus mixed Forest, Quercus Hazel mixed Forest, Mongolian Quercus Larix mixed Forest, Quercetin Quercus Quercus Pure Forest, Flower Curly Willow Pure Forest, Apricot Forest, Mountain Yang Lin, Heterwood Forest and Larix Larix Forest.Under various forest types, the combustible composition of different layers is different,Among them, the coverage of shrub layer and herbaceous layer is also inconsistent. 2) the relationship between surface combustible moisture content and load under various forest types, and the relationship between surface combustible load amount and stand condition and site condition in this scenic area were investigated by sampling method.The results show that the moisture content of surface combustible matter varies greatly under different forest types.The North Slope has the highest moisture content.In pure forest of Pinus tabulaeformis, mixed forest of black birch and Quercus liaodong, pure forest of flowered willow, the average moisture content of three forest types was relatively high, while the average moisture content of pure Quercus querceana forest, mountain Yang Lin and hybrid forest was low.This paper studies the load of surface combustible matter of main forest types in Mal'shan scenic spot of Shenyang. The results show that except for pure forest of Pinus tabulaeformis, the load of surface combustible matter on the unit area of several forest types is more than 15 t / hm ~ (2), which generally belongs to the larger type of load.Among stand factors, the amount of surface fuel load was negatively correlated with stand density, and the slope direction was the highest in the south slope and the lowest in the north slope.The slope position was negatively correlated with the increase of surface combustible load.) the combustibility of combustible litter in the main forest types of the scenic spot was measured by indoor instrument.The results showed that among the 12 forest types, the most flammable was pure Pinus tabulaeformis forest, the least flammable forest was mountain Yang Lin and apricot forest, and the combustible forest types were quercetin hazelnut mixed forest, Pinus tabulaeformis Liodong oak mixed forest and Liaodong oak pure forest.The mixed forest of Mongolian oak and larch, the pure forest of Quercus mongolica, the pure forest of Quercus mongolica, the pure forest of Quercus mongolica, the pure forest of Quercus mongolica, the mixed forest of Quercus mongolica, the mixed forest of Quercus mongolica, the mixed forest of Quercus mongolica, the mixed forest of Quercus mongolica and the forest of Larix gmelinii.As cluster factors, combustion performance and other factors closely related to combustion were classified into different fire risk grades (鈪，

本文编号：1749023