基于螺旋升运的谷物产量传感器机理研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 17:29

本文选题：联合收获 + 谷物产量　；参考：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自动化的谷物产量测量是实行精准农业收获阶段的重要组成部分,而且产量的高低同样能够集中体现谷物的生长和管理状况,但是收获机械的实时产量的测量一直是农业生产中的难点,所以,获取准确的产量空间分布信息是实施精准农业的关键。本课题研究的目的就是通过研究谷物测产系统的关键技术,开发了一款基于螺旋升运原理的谷物产量传感器,采用嵌入式处理器对产量信息进行实时监测,实现低功耗和高测量精度的要求。通过螺旋升运原理设计一套谷物测产试验台,选用12V直流电机为其提供升运动力。根据试验台的螺旋升运物理结构和谷物在输送腔体内所受力的情况,在产生螺旋运动前及稳定输送过程中进行动力学分析,得到螺旋运动的临界转速。根据直流电机的本身参数,螺旋升运试验台物理结构和临界转速的约束,选取了测产实验的影响因素(包括机身倾斜角度和电机转速),分别进行谷物产量实验进行误差分析和功耗比较,最终选优最佳方案。测产系统包括螺旋升运式谷物产量传感器和上位机PC组成,能够实现谷物产量信息采集、计算和存储功能。具体功能如下所示:(1)就谷物产量传感器的构成来说,其内部核心处理器一般选取的是高性能以及低功耗的构件,在本次毕业设计中,选取的是基于ARM Cotex-M3为内核的STM32F103VCT6嵌入式处理器;WHB20LSP5S2H型霍尔效应原理-闭环电流传感器为电流监测电路核心元件,提供了高精度、能耗低的检测方法;为了更好的显示和设置螺旋升运器的转速和电流状态,设计了人机交互模块来设置螺旋升运直流电机PWM百分比、对螺旋升运电机进行启停,同时利用分辨率为128*64的OLED设置参数、显示和监测数据;(2)上位机PC端通过串口助手和无线模块接收端,对谷物产量传感器中螺旋升运电机的转速和电流进行实时监测,采集产量信息完成后,可以通过串口助手保存数据,把采集的数据导入EXCEL中进行分析,绘制成曲线供研究调用。本文对筒腔内的谷物进行了一般动力学和稳定输送情况下的动力学分析,建立了一套根据输送电机参数计算谷物产量的计量方法。根据研究方法设计了一种基于螺旋输送机的谷物测产监测系统,通过采集电机的电压、电流、转速等相关参数计算谷物的流量。实验室内进行了试验验证,证明该方案可行,减少了谷物流量传感器的设计成本,实验误差较小。
[Abstract]:Grain yield measurement automation is an important part of the implementation of precision agriculture harvest stage, and the yield can also reflect the growth and management of grain yield, but the measurement of real harvesting machinery is always a difficult problem in agricultural production, so the yield space to obtain accurate distribution information is crucial for the implementation of precision agriculture. The key technology for the purpose of this research is through the study of grain yield monitoring system, is developed based on a spiral lifting principle yield sensor, adopts the embedded processor to output information for real-time monitoring, to achieve low power consumption and high measurement accuracy. The spiral lifting principle to design a set of grain yield test using 12V, DC motor provides power for the ascending movement. According to the spiral test bed lifting physical structure and grain stress in the conveying cavity, The dynamic analysis in spiral motion before and steady delivery process, get the critical speed of spiral motion. According to the DC motor parameters of spiral lifting structure of test-bed and the critical speed of the physical constraints, selected factors influence the experimental measurement (including body tilt angle and motor speed), respectively for grain production experiment error analysis and comparison of power consumption, the final selection of the best scheme. Yield measuring system comprises a spiral lifting type grain yield sensor and PC PC which can realize the grain production information collection, calculation and storage functions. The specific functions are as follows: (1) constitute the grain output sensor, its internal core processor selects the high performance and low power consumption component, in this graduation design, the selection is based on the ARM Cotex-M3 processor for embedded STM32F103VCT6 kernel; WHB20LSP5 The principle of Holzer effect - S2H type closed-loop current sensor for current monitoring circuit of core components, provides a high accuracy detection method has low energy consumption; in order to display and set the speed and current state of spiral conveyer, the human-computer interaction module to set screw lifting the DC motor PWM percentage of spiral lifting motor to start and stop at the same time, by setting the parameters for 128*64 resolution of OLED, display and monitoring data; (2) PC PC terminal assistant through the serial port and wireless receiver module, the spiral grain output sensor for real-time monitoring operation or the rotating speed of the motor and the current output information acquisition is completed, you can save the data through the serial port assistant, import the data into the EXCEL collection to analyze, draw curves for the study. This paper called grain on cylinder cavity is analyzed dynamic dynamics and steady delivery conditions According to the measurement, establishes a set of method to calculate the grain output of motor parameters. According to the study on design method of conveying a yield monitoring system based on the spiral conveyor grain, through the acquisition of the motor voltage, current, calculation of grain flow speed and other parameters. The laboratory test proved that the method is feasible, reduced the design cost of grain flow sensor, a small experimental error.

【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212;S126

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