籼稻和粳稻的花时对外源激素epi-BR和SA调控的响应及其敏感性差异

发布时间：2018-04-16 23:39

  本文选题：籼稻和粳稻 + 表油菜素内酯　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：籼稻和粳稻是亚洲栽培稻的两个亚种,籼粳亚种间的杂种优势强于杂交籼稻和杂交粳稻,籼粳亚种间杂种优势直接利用可大幅度提高水稻产量。但是籼稻花时比粳稻花时早1-3小时,花时不遇限制籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用和籼粳杂交稻的制种产量提高。本试验探讨外源激素调控水稻花时性状的效果及籼粳稻对外源激素调控反应敏感性差异,为解决籼粳杂交花时不遇提供科学依据。1.表油菜素内酯对水稻花时的影响:喷施epi-BR(表油菜素内酯)后第一天,各浓度处理对水稻始花时、盛花时都有促进效果;对盛-终时间和始-终时间却有延迟效果;高浓度处理缩短始-盛时间效果明显。对于籼稻,中浓度处理(0.1mg·L-1)对花时促进效果最优;对于粳稻,高浓度处理对花时促进效果最优。当日6时喷施对籼稻的始花时、盛花时和终花时促进效果最优;前日17时喷施对粳稻的始花时、盛花时和终花时促进效果最优。喷施epi-BR后第二天,只有高浓度处理对水稻的始花时、盛花时和终花时有促进效果。对喷施时间而言,只有前日17时喷施对水稻花时促进效果最好。喷施epi-BR后第三天,3种浓度处理对大部分品种促进效果不显著。从花时提前效果来看,处理后第一天喷施epi-BR可以提早水稻的始花时和盛花时25分钟,其中对于籼稻花时提前程度大小为中浓度高浓度低浓度;对于粳稻花时的提前程度为高浓度中浓度低浓度。处理后第二天,只有高浓度处理可以提早水稻花时10分钟左右。处理后第三天,三种浓度处理对水稻花时促进效果没有到达显著水平。当日6时喷施0.1mg.L-1的epi-BR对籼稻花时促进效果最优。前日17时喷施1mg·-1的epi-BR对粳稻花时促进效果最优。进一步研究籼稻与粳稻对epi-BR敏感性的差异,发现籼稻比粳稻对epi-BR响应更敏感。2.水杨酸对水稻花时性状的影响:喷施SA(水杨酸)后第一天,只有高浓度(50mg·L-1)处理对水稻始花时、盛花时和终花时有促进效果,其它浓度处理对花时影响效果均未达显著水平。而喷施SA后第二天和第三天,只有部分品种的花时对SA的浓度处理有响应。不同喷施时间处理之间差异大多不显著。对水稻花时促进的程度看,只有处理后第一天,高浓度处理对水稻花时有5-10min的促进效果。高浓度处理促进籼稻花时效果比促进粳稻花时的效果更明显。对于籼稻,促进花时提前组合是当日6时喷施50mg.L-1。对于粳稻,促进始花时提前的最佳组合是当日6时喷施50mg.L-1SA;促进盛花时提前的最佳组合是前日17时喷施50mg·L-1SA。进一步研究籼稻比粳稻对SA响应更为敏感。
[Abstract]:Indica rice and japonica rice are two subspecies of Asian cultivated rice. The heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies is stronger than that between indica and japonica hybrid rice. The direct utilization of heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies can greatly improve the yield of rice.However, the flowering time of indica rice was 1-3 hours earlier than that of japonica rice, and the utilization of interspecific heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies and the seed yield of indica and japonica hybrid rice were not restricted.This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous hormones on the regulation of anthesis traits and the sensitivity of indica and japonica rice to exogenous hormones, which provided a scientific basis for solving the inflorescence of indica and japonica hybrids.The effect of epibrassinolide on the flowering time of rice: on the first day after spraying epi-BR1 (epi-BR1), all concentrations of epi-BR1 could promote the flowering of rice, but delayed the growth and ending time of rice.The effect of high concentration treatment on shortening the initial-peak time is obvious.For indica rice, the medium concentration treatment (0.1 mg / L) had the best effect on promoting anthesis, while for japonica rice, the high concentration treatment had the best effect on flowering time.When spraying on indica rice at 6 o'clock on the same day, the effect of full flowering and late flowering was the best, and at 17:00 the day before yesterday, spraying on japonica rice had the best effect at full flowering and late flowering.On the second day after epi-BR was sprayed, only high concentration treatment could promote the beginning, full and final flowering of rice.As for the spraying time, only 17:00 spray had the best effect on rice flowering.On the third day after spraying epi-BR, the effects of three concentrations on most varieties were not significant.According to the effect of anthesis advance, spraying epi-BR on the first day after treatment could advance the flowering time and full flowering time of rice for 25 minutes, especially for indica rice, the early stage of anthesis was medium concentration, high concentration, low concentration;For japonica rice, the early stage of flowering was high, medium and low concentration.On the second day after treatment, only high concentration treatment could advance the flowering time of rice by about 10 minutes.On the third day after treatment, the effect of three concentration treatments on rice flowering was not significant.Epi-BR sprayed with 0.1mg.L-1 at 6 o'clock on the same day had the best effect on flowering of indica rice.Spraying epi-BR of 1mg-1 at 17:00 the day before yesterday was the best effect on the flowering of japonica rice.The difference of epi-BR sensitivity between indica and japonica rice was further studied. It was found that indica rice was more sensitive to epi-BR than japonica rice.Effects of salicylic acid on anthesis characteristics of rice: on the first day after spraying with SA-50 mg L ~ (-1), only 50 mg / L of salicylic acid had a promoting effect on the beginning of anthesis, full flowering and final flowering of rice, but none of the other concentration treatments had significant effect on anthesis.However, on the second and third day after spraying SA, only some cultivars had a response to SA concentration.There were no significant differences between different spraying time treatments.Only on the first day after the treatment, the high concentration treatment had the effect of promoting 5-10min on the flowering time of rice.The effect of high concentration treatment on promoting anthesis of indica rice was more obvious than that of japonica rice.For indica rice, 50 mg 路L ~ (-1) was sprayed at 6 o'clock on the same day.For japonica rice, the best combination was spraying 50 mg 路L -1 SAat at 6 o'clock on the day, and the best combination for promoting the advance of flowering time was spraying 50mg L 1 SAat at 17:00 the day before yesterday.Indica rice was more sensitive to SA than japonica rice.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511
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本文编号：1761119