不同银杏古树半同胞家系的良种选育

发布时间：2018-04-17 16:30

本文选题：银杏古树 + 生长势　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)是被称为裸子植物的“活化石”,由于其叶的提取物在心脑血管系统疾病方面独特的生理作用,而受到国内外学者的重视。银杏叶入药在中国已有上千年的历史,中国银杏资源,尤其是银杏古树资源极为丰富。黄酮和萜类化合物,尤其是银杏叶中的黄酮、银杏内酯和白果内酯具有很高的医用价值和保健作用,研究银杏黄酮类化合物和萜类化合物对银杏叶的有效利用具有重要意义,利用科学的方法选育高黄酮、高萜内酯化合物含量的古树家系,对于挖掘优异种质具有重要意义。据调查发现,中国共有23个省(区)有银杏古树分布。为选育银杏良种家系和确定银杏叶适采期,现利用HPLC技术,对来源于全国19个省(区)的36份银杏古树种质进行黄酮、萜类化合物含量测定,并对银杏植株生长量进行测定。本研究的主要结果如下:(1)根据银杏古树半同胞家系连续三年的生长量,筛选出9个生长势较好的家系,分别是123(甘肃徽县银杏乡银杏村)、133(北京门头沟区永定镇马鞍山戒台寺)、58(重庆酉阳木叶乡罗家村谢家坨)、72(广西兴安白石乡水源头村)、97(江苏通州东社镇银杏村)、38(广西灵川潮田乡华口村)、55(山东泰山岱庙宋天贶殿后)、71(贵州乌当羊昌镇黄连村琵琶寨)、82(江苏如皋搬经镇夏岱村)。(2)测定了4月到9月的黄酮和萜内酯含量的,分析得出黄酮与萜内酯含量的季节变化规律基本一致,为4月至8月含量逐渐升高,7月或8月份达到最高,9月份开始下降。在黄酮化合物中,槲皮素含量最高,其次是山奈酚,异鼠李素含量最少。在萜内酯化合物中,白果内酯含量最高,其次是银杏内酯A和银杏内酯B,银杏内酯J含量最少。(3)在8月份,测定了36个家系的黄酮和萜内酯含量,结果显示不同家系的黄酮、萜内酯化合物含量差异显著,筛选出7个黄酮和萜内酯含量均较高的家系,分别为72(广西兴安白石乡水源头村)、58(重庆酉阳木叶乡罗家村谢家坨)、82(江苏如皋搬经镇夏岱村)、123(甘肃徽县银杏乡银杏村)、99(贵州都匀摆忙乡摆忙村)、133(北京门头沟区永定镇马鞍山戒台寺)、10(山东泰山老君堂)家系。(4)综合36个家系的植株生长势与黄酮、萜内酯化合物含量分析,筛选出了5个银杏植株生长势较好并且其黄酮、萜内酯化合物含量较高的家系,分别为72(广西兴安白石乡水源头村)、58(重庆酉阳木叶乡罗家村谢家坨)、82(江苏如皋搬经镇夏岱村)、123(甘肃徽县银杏乡银杏村)、133(北京门头沟区永定镇马鞍山戒台寺)号家系。
[Abstract]:Ginkgo biloba L.It is called "living fossil" of gymnosperms. Because of its unique physiological function in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the extract of its leaves has been paid attention to by scholars at home and abroad.Ginkgo biloba has been used as medicine for thousands of years in China, and the resources of ginkgo biloba, especially ancient ginkgo trees, are very rich in China.Flavonoids and terpenoids, especially flavonoids, ginkgolides and ginkgolides in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba have high medical value and health care. It is of great significance to study the effective utilization of ginkgo biloba leaves with flavonoids and terpenes.It is of great significance to select ancient tree families with high flavonoids and high terpene lactone content by using scientific methods.According to the survey, there are 23 provinces (regions) of ancient ginkgo trees in China.In order to select the improved Ginkgo pedigree and determine the suitable harvest period of Ginkgo biloba leaves, the flavonoids and terpenoids contents of 36 ancient Ginkgo germplasms from 19 provinces (districts) of China were determined by HPLC technique, and the growth of Ginkgo biloba plants was measured.The main results of this study are as follows: (1) according to the growth of half sib families of ancient ginkgo trees for three consecutive years, 9 families with better growth potential were selected.Ginkgo Village, Huixian County, Gansu Province (Yongding Town, Mentougou District, Beijing) Jietai Temple, Ma'anshan, Gui 58 (Chongqing Youyang Muye Township Luo Jia Tuo Tuo Gun 72) (Guangxi Xingan Baishi Township head Village, Shoushui Village, Ginkgo Village 38 (Ginkgo Village, Tongzhou, Jiangsu Province)The contents of flavonoids and terpene lactones were determined from April to September in Huakou 55, Huakou Village, Chaotian Township, Lingchuan County (Huanglian Village, Huanglian Village, Huanglian Village, Yangchang Town, Wudang County, Shandong Province), and the contents of flavonoids and terpene lactones in the period from April to September.The results showed that the seasonal variation of flavonoids and terpene lactones was basically the same, which increased gradually from April to August, and reached the highest level in July or August, and began to decrease in September.Among the flavonoids, quercetin content was the highest, followed by kaempferol, isorhamnetin content was the least.In August, the contents of flavonoids and terpenes in 36 families were determined.Seven families with higher flavonoids and terpene lactones were selected.No. 72 (Shuiguantou Village, Baishi Township, Xingan, Guangxi Province) (Chuantuo 882, Muye Township, Youyang, Chongqing (Xiadai Village, Xiadai Village, Rugao Town, Jiangsu Province) (Ginkgo Village, Ginkgo Village, Huixian County, Gansu Province) (Ginkgo Village, Ginkgo Village, Huiao County, Gansu Province)The plant growth potential and flavonoids of 36 families were synthesized in Dingzhen, Ma'anshan Jietai Temple (Taishan Laojuntang, Shandong Province).Based on the analysis of terpene lactone compounds, five families with better growth potential and higher flavonoids and terpene lactone compounds were selected.It is 72s (Shuiguantou Village, Baishi Township, Xingan County, Guangxi Province). (Chongqing Youyang Muye Town Luojia Village Tuo Tuo Gun 82 (Xiadai Village, Xiadai Village, Rugao Town, Jiangsu Province) (Ginkgo Village, Ginkgo Village, Huizhou County, Gansu Province), No. 133 (Jietai Temple, Ma'anshan, Yongding Town, Mentougou District, Beijing).
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S792.95

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