夏直播棉花应用缩节胺效果研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 17:10

本文选题：棉花 + 缩节胺　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：缩节胺是常规棉花生产中的增产措施之一,但在以迟播、高密、减肥为特征的棉花高效生产模式中,缩节胺的应用是否也是必须?为此,我们开展了本研究。试验于2015~2016年在华中农业大学试验农场进行,采用常规棉品种华棉3109,在夏直播、高密度(10株/m_2)、一次施肥(全部肥料于见花一次施入)条件下,设置5个缩节胺(MC)用量(g/hm_2)(0,30,60,90,120),研究了缩节胺对棉花生育进程、产量及构成因素、纤维品质、植株形态、蕾花铃分布和生理特性的影响。主要结果如下:1.与未喷施对照相比,喷施缩节胺有延长棉花花铃期的趋势(延长2~3 d,除MC90处理外),但生育期没有差异,均为113 d(MC120处理为117 d)。2.与对照相比,喷施缩节胺没有显著增加单铃重,但减少了单位面积铃数和衣分。因此,降低了产量,且用量越大减产幅度越大。棉花子指和纤维品质,随收获日期推迟而下降。但喷施缩节胺可提高相应收获日期的棉花子指;改善棉花纤维品质,尤其是第3次收获的棉花。3.施用缩节胺显著减少了棉花主茎节位数、绿叶数和落叶数,但延长了叶片寿命;降低了棉花株高和主茎节间距,且与用量正相关。另外,喷施缩节胺减少了棉花叶面积,尤其是果枝叶面积;但提高了叶片比叶重。4.棉花叶柄长度随主茎节位由下而上,逐渐增加,至中部达最大值(16 cm左右)后,逐渐减少,呈纺锤形。喷施缩节胺缩短了果枝长度和第一果节长度,其幅度随缩节胺用量增加而增大,且中上部果枝和果节长度缩短幅度大于下部。5.缩节胺对施肥前棉花主茎功能叶叶柄硝态氮影响不大,施肥后MC30、MC60和MC90硝态氮含量显著提高,且随MC用量增大而增大。可溶性蛋白质的变化在硝态氮变化之后,前期各处理变化一致,DAE73之后MC30、MC60和MC90处理有所增加,但变化幅度较小,高用量处理MC120表现为抑制了可溶性蛋白质的增加。缩节胺前期提高、后期降低了棉花功能叶可溶性糖含量,但没改变其变化趋势。可以看出,虽然喷施缩节胺是常规棉花生产的一项增产措施,但是在夏直播、高密度、低肥量、一次施条件下,因此应谨慎使用缩节胺。
[Abstract]:Ketamine is one of the measures to increase production in conventional cotton production, but in the cotton production mode characterized by late sowing, high density and weight loss, is it necessary to apply it?Therefore, we carried out this study.The experiment was conducted at Huazhong Agricultural University's experimental farm from 2015 to 2016. Huamian 3109, a conventional cotton variety, was directly seeded in summer.In this paper, the effects of acyclic amine on cotton growth process, yield and component factors, fiber quality, plant morphology, bud flower and boll distribution and physiological characteristics were studied.The main results are as follows: 1.Compared with the unsprayed control, the growth period of cotton treated with acetylamine was prolonged (2 ~ 3 days), except for MC90 treatment, but there was no difference in growth period, which was 113DU 路2 ~ (-1) for 113 d(MC120 treatment.Compared with the control, the number of bolls per unit area and lint percentage were decreased by spraying knuckle amine, but the weight of single boll was not significantly increased.Therefore, the yield is reduced, and the larger the dosage is, the larger the yield reduction is.The quality of cotton seed and fiber decreased with the delay of harvest date.But spraying knuckle amine can improve cotton seed index and fiber quality, especially the third harvest cotton. 3.The number of main stem nodes, the number of green leaves and the number of leaves were significantly decreased, but the leaf life was prolonged, and the plant height and the spacing of main stem nodes were decreased, which were positively correlated with the amount of application.In addition, the leaf area of cotton, especially the area of branches and leaves of fruit, was decreased by applying knotamine, but the leaf area was higher than that of Ye Zhong. 4.The petiole length of cotton increased gradually from the bottom to the top of the main stem and reached the maximum value of about 16 cm in the middle of the stem.The length of fruit branch and the first fruit node were shortened by spraying nodal amine, and the amplitude increased with the increase of the amount of amine, and the length of middle and upper fruit branch and fruit node was shorter than that of lower part.The nodal amine had little effect on nitrate nitrogen in the petiole of the main stem of cotton before fertilization, but the contents of MC30, MC60 and MC90 increased significantly after fertilization, and increased with the increase of the amount of MC.After the change of nitrate nitrogen, the changes of soluble protein in different treatments were consistent with that of DAE73, but the changes of MC30, MC60 and MC90 were small, and the increase of soluble protein was inhibited by high dosage of MC120.The content of soluble sugar in functional leaves of cotton decreased in the later stage, but did not change.It can be seen that although spraying kelp is a measure to increase the yield of conventional cotton, it should be used carefully under the conditions of direct seeding in summer, high density, low fertilizer amount and single application.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S562

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