自动变量灌溉系统的设计

发布时间：2018-04-19 06:03

本文选题：草莓 + 自动变量灌溉系统　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：草莓在疏松、湿润的砂质土壤环境中生长良好,对土壤水分含量要求较高。而草莓的根系分布很浅,叶片较大而且多,并且不断的生长新叶和结果。草莓生长期长达6个月,需水量较大。传统的灌溉方式对灌溉量不能准确的进行控制,不能根据草莓的需水要求进行灌溉。因此要满足并且合理控制对草莓的灌溉。这样在提高水分利用率的同时保证了草莓的产量。根据草莓要求有适量的水分供应。设计自动变量灌溉系统是以单片机为控制核心,通过增量式PID控制算法控制灌溉量,可以根据草莓的不同生长过程中的需水要求不同,来实施变量灌溉,这样既可以提高草莓的产量和品质,也提高了水资源的利用率。本论文的主要研究工作和结论如下:(1)根据草莓的生长过程的需水情况,确定了草莓不同生长期的需水范围。完成了自动变量灌溉系统工作的方案设计。(2)自动变量灌溉系统的硬件有电源模块、控制模块、数据采集模块和执行机构模块。系统使用单片机作为核心部分,使用FDS100 土壤水分传感器进行土壤水分数据的采集,通过进行硬件设计来实现系统功能。其中,硬件设计包括:硬件的选型,性能,以及最终电路的设计。(3)根据系统的工作方案进行软件设计,软件设计包括:系统主程序设计、数据采集设计,A/D转换设计、单片机控制执行机构设计、液晶显示设计、系统定时设计等,软件设计均使用Keil软件编译与调试C51程序来实现。系统的工作过程为:每个控制系统通过土壤水分传感器采集到的模拟信号送至A/D转换,然后将转换结果显示在液晶屏上。控制系统根据显示的土壤水分含量的高低,并且计算测量的土壤水分含量与标准土壤水分含量的差距来控制执行机构的开启和关闭进行灌溉。灌溉时间随着土壤水分含量的变化而变化。(4)对自动变量灌溉系统进行稳定性试验和性能试验,试验结果表明,系统能够准确测量土壤水分并且进行灌溉,运行稳定,性能良好,该系统能达到预期要求,适合大棚中应用。之后将该系统应用于宁夏贺兰园艺产业园草莓种植土壤水分的监测试验中。本系统创新点为:该系统可对多监测点的草莓的土壤水分含量信息同时进行实时监测,并且可以根据监测到的土壤水分含量进行自动变量灌溉。
[Abstract]:Strawberries grow well in loose and humid sandy soil environment and require higher soil moisture content.But the strawberry root distribution is very shallow, the leaf is big and many, and grows the new leaf and the fruit unceasingly.Strawberry growing period lasts for 6 months, and water demand is great.The traditional irrigation method can not control the irrigation quantity accurately, and can not be irrigated according to the water requirement of strawberry.Therefore, the irrigation of strawberry should be satisfied and controlled reasonably.In this way, the increase of water use efficiency at the same time to ensure the yield of strawberries.According to strawberry requirements there is a proper amount of water supply.The automatic variable irrigation system is designed with single chip microcomputer as the control core and the increment PID control algorithm to control the irrigation quantity. The variable irrigation can be implemented according to the different requirements of water demand in different growing process of strawberry.This can not only increase the yield and quality of strawberry, but also improve the utilization of water resources.The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) according to the water requirement of strawberry growth process, the water demand range of strawberry in different growth period is determined.The hardware of the automatic variable irrigation system includes power supply module, control module, data acquisition module and executing mechanism module.The system uses single chip microcomputer as the core part, uses the FDS100 soil moisture sensor to collect the soil moisture data, and realizes the system function by hardware design.Among them, the hardware design includes: hardware selection, performance, and final circuit design. (3) according to the system's work plan, the software design includes: system main program design, data acquisition design and A / D conversion design.Single chip microcomputer control actuator design, liquid crystal display design, system timing design, software design using Keil software to compile and debug C51 program to achieve.The working process of the system is as follows: the analog signals collected by the soil moisture sensor in each control system are sent to the A / D conversion and the conversion results are displayed on the LCD screen.The control system controls the opening and closing of the actuator for irrigation according to the level of the soil moisture content shown and the difference between the measured soil moisture content and the standard soil moisture content.The experimental results show that the system can accurately measure soil moisture and irrigate, run stably and have good performance.The system can meet the expected requirements and is suitable for application in the greenhouse.Then the system was applied to the monitoring experiment of strawberry planting soil moisture in Horticultural Industrial Park of Helan Ningxia.The innovation of the system is that the system can simultaneously monitor the soil moisture content information of strawberry with multiple monitoring points, and can carry out automatic variable irrigation according to the monitored soil moisture content.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S274.2;S668.4

【参考文献】