氮磷钾肥互作协调油菜产量与抗倒性机理研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 01:16

本文选题：油菜 + 氮磷钾　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：油菜是我国最大的油料作物之一。但近年,随着我国油菜单产的逐年增加,油菜施肥量一直处于较高水平,而维持较高施肥水平以获得较高产量的同时,也增加了直播油菜茎秆倒伏的风险,不利于油菜机械化收获。基于此,选用茎秆抗倒性差异较大的4个油菜品种(2个杂交种和2个常规种)于2014-2016年在华中农业大学试验田分别进行裂区试验,以氮肥用量为主区(0 kg hm~(-2)、180 kg·hm~(-2)、360 kg·hm~(-2)),以磷肥用量为副区(0 kg·hm~(-2)、120 kg·hm~(-2)、240 kg·hm~(-2)),以钾肥用量为副副区(0kg·hm~(-2)、150 kg·hm~(-2)、300 kg·hm~(-2)),测定油菜产量构成及茎秆倒伏指数,并进行统计分析,研究油菜在不同氮磷钾肥处理后,高产抗倒油菜的茎秆特性,为油菜高产抗倒栽培及优良品种培育提供参数及理论依据。本试验获得的主要研究结果如下:1.一定条件下,增施氮、磷、钾肥均可提高油菜产量,且互作效应达显著水平。其中,氮肥以及钾肥主要通过增加单株角果数以及每角果粒数提高油菜产量;磷肥主要通过增加单株角果数提高产量。2.不同的氮、磷、钾肥用量也影响了油菜茎秆的抗倒性,且存在显著的互作效应。就成分而言,不同的氮、磷、钾肥施用,导致油菜茎秆组成成分发生改变,进而影响其抗倒性。增施氮肥减少了茎秆中纤维素含量,导致主茎抗倒性减弱;增施磷肥可增加茎秆中C含量,进而增强主茎抗倒性;增加钾肥用量可增加茎秆抗折力,抗倒性增强。就结构而言,外表皮细胞个数增加,细胞间隙缩小,则增强了细胞间的抱合力,茎秆抗倒性增强,且抗倒性较强的油菜主茎细胞髓射线与束中形成层周围细胞连接性较好,形成联会贯通的网络架,茎秆抗倒性增强。3.本试验条件下,N2P1K2处理小区达到高产中抗水平,此条件下,油菜茎秆纤维素含量为33%~47%,果胶质含量为2.5%~5.5%;N1P2K2处理小区达到中产高抗水平,此条件下,纤维素含量为31.3%~32.5%,果胶质含量为0.6%~1.6%。
[Abstract]:Rape is one of the largest oil crops in China. But in recent years, with the increase of single yield of rape in China, the amount of fertilizer applied to rape has been at a high level, while maintaining a high level of fertilization to obtain higher yield, it also increases the risk of lodging of the stem of live rape, which is unfavorable to the mechanized harvest of rape. Based on this, the resistance to stem is chosen. 4 rapeseed varieties (2 Hybrids and 2 conventional species) were tested in the experimental field of Huazhong Agricultural University in 2014-2016 years, with nitrogen fertilizer use as the main area (0 kg hm~ (-2), 180 kg. Hm~ (-2), 360 kg. Hm~ (-2)). The amount of phosphate fertilizer was used as the sub region (0 kg hm~ (-2), 120, 240 and 240). The region (0kg. Hm~ (-2), 150 kg. Hm~ (-2), 300 kg. Hm~ (-2)) was used to determine the yield composition and stem lodging index of rapeseed, and to make a statistical analysis on the stem characteristics of high yield rapeseed with high yield after different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatment, which provided parameters and theoretical basis for high yield resistance cultivation and breeding of fine varieties of rape. The results are as follows: 1. under certain conditions, the increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can increase the yield of rape, and the interaction efficiency should be significant. Among them, the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer mainly increase the yield of rape by increasing the number of single plant kernels and the number of kernels per plant. The phosphorus fertilizer can increase the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in.2.. In addition, the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer resulted in the change of the composition of the stem in the rape stem, which could lead to the change of the composition of the stem of the rape stem, which could affect the resistance of the stem. The application of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the cellulose content in the stem and reduced the resistance of the main stem, and increased the content of C in the stem and increased by the application of phosphate fertilizer. Strong main stem resistance to inversion, increasing the amount of potassium fertilizer can increase the flexural strength of stem and enhance the resistance to inversion. In terms of structure, the number of cells in the outer skin and the narrowing of the cell gap will enhance the cohesion of the cells and the enhancement of the resistance to the stem. Under the condition of the.3. test, the N2P1K2 treatment area reached the high yield of high yield. Under this condition, the cellulose content of the rape stem was 33%~47%, the content of the pectin was 2.5%~5.5%, and the N1P2K2 treatment area reached the high middle middle resistance level. Under this article, the cellulose content was 31.3%~32.5% and the content of the pectin was 0.6%~. 1.6%.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S565.4

【参考文献】