旱地地膜春玉米养分积累及产量形成对氮肥运筹的响应

发布时间：2018-04-23 01:17

本文选题：氮肥运筹 + 旱地春玉米　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为探讨氮肥运筹对宁夏旱地地膜春玉米养分运移及产量形成的影响规律,以先玉698为材料,选用普通尿素和控释尿素两种肥料类型,采用5个氮肥运筹处理的单因素随机区组设计,研究了氮肥运筹对旱地地膜春玉米生长发育、氮代谢关键酶活性、干物质及养分积累分配特性、产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:1.合理的氮肥运筹能显著促进玉米生长。控释尿素处理T2、T3、T4的总干物质积累量较CK和T1处理分别增加18.82%、26.38%、20.02%和9.92%、16.61%、10.76%;根系活力也显著较高。同时合理的氮肥运筹在玉米根系的水平分布和垂直分布上都能显著提高根长密度、根重密度及根体积,T3(75kg/hm2普通尿素配比150kg/hm2控释尿素的氮肥运筹)处理更有利于促进根系的生长,进而有利于玉米整株生长发育。2.合理的氮肥运筹能显著增加玉米抗氧化酶及氮代谢关键酶活性。T2、T3、T4的NRA活性较 CK 和 T1 处理分别增加 45.06%、50.50%、45.72%和 7.28%、10.74%、7.48%;GSA 活性分别增加66.34%、78.78%、73.21%和27.22%、33.66%、29.70%。同时,玉米的抗氧化酶活性也均表现出不同程度的提高,说明合理的氮肥运筹能在一定程度上缓解干旱对春玉米影响。3.在玉米干物质积累分配及运转中,营养生长期主要分配在叶片和茎秆中,到抽雄期后,干物质的分配开始转向穗和籽粒,叶鞘和茎秆中的干物质逐渐降低穗转移,最终都转向籽粒,控释尿素处理显著高于对照和T1。各器官干物质对籽粒的贡献率为:叶片茎鞘,其中T2、T3、T4处理花前贡献率分别达19.92%、21.95%和22.40%,有利于促进玉米干物质运转至籽粒。4.合理的氮肥运筹能显著提高玉米养分积累吸收、分配及运转,表现为T2、T3、T4处理的氮素积累分配高于CK和T1处理。控释尿素处理下的氮素转移量(率)和贡献率大小均高于其他处理,也表现为叶片茎鞘。肥料利用率方面,以75kg/hm2普通尿素和150kg/hm2控释尿素混合配施处理的偏生产力PEP、农学利用率AE、生理利用率PE及回收利用率RE表现最好,分别达 56.67%、35.91%、45.86%和 49.80%,收获指数 HI 为 29.94%。5.在不同氮肥运筹处理下玉米产量大小的表现顺序为T3T4T2T1CK,T3处理显著较对照CK和T1处理增加36.97%和12.57%。在产量构成因素中,控释尿素处理都较CK和T1处理表现出不同程度的增加,其中最主要的构成因素百粒重中,T2、T3、T4处理较CK和T1处理分别提高 12.78%、15.27%、10.90%和 9.17%、11.61%、7.41%,T3(75kg/hm2普通尿素和 150kg/hm2控释尿素)的混合配施方式最有利于获得高产。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on nutrient migration and yield formation of spring maize in dry land of Ningxia, two types of fertilizer, common urea and controlled release urea, were selected with Xianyu698 as material. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on growth and development, key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism, dry matter and nutrient accumulation and distribution, yield and yield components of spring maize were studied in this paper. The result shows that 1: 1. Rational nitrogen fertilizer application can significantly promote maize growth. Compared with CK and T1 treatment, the total dry matter accumulation in T2T3T4 treated with controlled release urea increased 18.82% and 26.38% and 9.92%, 16.61% and 10.76%, respectively, and the root system activity was also significantly higher. At the same time, reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly increase the root length density, root weight density and root volume of T375kg / hm ~ 2 in both horizontal and vertical distribution of maize root system. The treatment of nitrogen fertilizer with normal urea ratio of 150kg/hm2 controlled release urea was more beneficial to promote the growth of root system. In turn, it is beneficial to the growth and development of the whole maize plant. Reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes and key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism. T2T3T4 activity in maize. Compared with CK and T1 treatment, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in maize were increased by 45.72% and 7.287.747.48%, respectively, and by 66.3478.7873.21% and 27.223.66, respectively. At the same time, the antioxidant enzyme activities of maize also showed different degrees of improvement, indicating that reasonable nitrogen fertilizer can alleviate drought to some extent on spring maize. 3. In the accumulation and distribution of dry matter in maize, the vegetative growth period was mainly distributed in leaves and stems. After heading, the dry matter distribution began to shift to ear and grain, and the dry matter in leaf sheath and stem decreased gradually. In the end, all of them were transferred to grains, and the controlled release urea treatment was significantly higher than that of the control and T 1. The contribution rate of dry matter to grain was as follows: stem and sheath of leaf, among them, the contribution rate of T2T3T4 treatment was 19.922% 21.95% and 22.40%, respectively, which was helpful to promote dry matter transfer to grain. 4. Rational nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly improve the nutrient accumulation, absorption, distribution and transportation of maize, which showed that the nitrogen accumulation and distribution of T2T3T4 treatment was higher than that of CK and T1 treatments. The nitrogen transfer rate and contribution rate of the controlled release urea treatment were higher than those of other treatments, and also showed the stem and sheath of leaves. In fertilizer utilization ratio, the average productivity of 75kg/hm2 combined with 150kg/hm2 controlled release urea was the best, the agronomic utilization ratio, physiological utilization ratio and recovery utilization ratio of PE and RE were the best, which reached 56.67% and 49.80%, respectively, and the harvest index (HI) was 29.94.5. The order of maize yield under different nitrogen fertilizer application treatments was T _ 3T _ 4T _ 2T _ 1 CKT _ 3 treatment and CK and T _ 1 treatments, which increased by 36.97% and 12.57% respectively compared with CK and T1 treatments. Among the yield components, the controlled release urea treatment showed a different degree of increase compared with CK and T1 treatments. The most important component factor, T2T2T3OT4 treatment, was 12.78% higher than CK and T1 treatment, and 15.270.90% and 9.17% 11.61%, respectively. The combination of normal urea and 150kg/hm2 controlled-release urea was the most favorable way to obtain high yield.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

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