放牧和季节性增加降水对草原蝗虫发育与存活的影响

发布时间：2018-04-24 11:16

本文选题：增加降水 + 放牧　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：降水和放牧是驱动草原蝗虫发生的重要因素,但其如何发挥作用尚存在大量争论。本文研究放牧和季节性降水增加的耦合效应通过改变栖息环境中食料植物的养分含量来驱动草原蝗虫灾害发生的生理与生态学机理。通过野外样地设置放牧和季节性增加降水处理,利用室外笼罩和室内饲养的方法研究不同物候期的优势种蝗虫(早期种:毛足棒角蝗Dasyhippus barbipes,中期种:亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus,晚期种:狭翅雏蝗Chorthippus dubius)对羊草(Leymus chinensis)和克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)在不同放牧和降水处理下的适合度响应,来分析草原降雨量变化和放牧耦合对草原蝗虫发生程度的影响。研究结果表明:1.放牧显著地(p0.05)降低春季羊草叶片中可溶性糖态C%和可利用C%的含量,但对淀粉态C%和总C%的含量无显著影响;极显著地增加氨基酸态N%、可利用N%和总N%含量,但对蛋白质态的N%无影响;显著降低可利用C%:N%的比值。降水的作用在放牧和不放牧间有波动,对可溶性糖态C%和氨基酸态N%有降低的趋势,但没有达到显著水平。放牧会显著地(p0.05)降低毛足棒角蝗室内雌虫五龄到成虫的死亡率,缩短发育历期,增加生长速率,增加成虫体重。降水对该蝗虫的影响,均不显著(p0.05)。2.放牧显著地(p0.05)降低夏季克氏针茅叶片中可利用C%的含量和淀粉态C%,但对总C%的含量是显著增加(p0.05);显著地增加氨基酸态N%和总N%含量,但对蛋白质态的N%无影响;显著降低总C%:N%的比值。降水的作用在放牧和不放牧间有波动,但没有达到显著水平。放牧会显著地(p0.05)增加亚洲小车蝗室内成虫体重和室外发育进度,对室内雌虫五龄到成虫有降低死亡率,缩短发育历期,增加生长速率,但差异不显著。降水显著降低该蝗虫室外发育进度。3.放牧对秋季羊草叶片中可溶性糖态C%含量有降低趋势,但不显著,对淀粉态C%和总C%的含量也无显著影响;放牧显著地降低总N%含量,但对氨基酸态N%、可利用N%和蛋白质态的N%无显著影响;放牧显著增加可利用C%:N%的比值。降水显著降低秋季羊草的总N%含量,显著增加总C%:N%。放牧会显著地(p0.05)降低狭翅雏蝗室内雌虫五龄到成虫的死亡率,缩短发育历期,增加生长速率,增加成虫体重。降水对该蝗虫的影响,均不显著(p0.05)。
[Abstract]:Precipitation and grazing are important factors driving the occurrence of grasshopper in grassland, but there is still much debate about how to play its role. In this paper, the coupling effect of grazing and seasonal precipitation is studied to drive the physiological and ecological mechanism of grasshopper disaster in grassland by changing the nutrient content of forage plants in the habitat. In the field, grazing and seasonal precipitation increase were set up. Studies on the dominant species locust (early species: Dasyhippus Barbipesae, intermediate species: Oedaleus asiaticuss, late species: Chorthippus dubius) and Stipa kruccini (Leymus chinensis) in different phenological stages were studied by outdoor shroud and indoor rearing. The suitability response of Stipa krylovii under different grazing and precipitation treatments, To analyze the effect of rainfall variation and grazing coupling on the occurrence of grasshopper in grassland. The results of the study show that 1: 1. The contents of soluble sugar C% and available C% in leaves of Leymus chinensis were significantly decreased by grazing (p 0.05), but the contents of starch C% and total C% were not significantly affected, and the contents of amino acid N% and total N% were increased significantly. But it had no effect on the N% of protein state, and significantly decreased the ratio of C: n%. The effect of precipitation was fluctuating between grazing and non-grazing, but it had a tendency to decrease soluble sugar C% and amino acid N%, but it did not reach the significant level. Grazing could significantly reduce the mortality of female from the fifth instar to the adult, shorten the development period, increase the growth rate and increase the body weight of the adult. The effect of precipitation on this locust was not significant (p 0.05. 2). Grazing significantly decreased the available C% and starch content in leaves of Stipa krjabini in summer, but significantly increased the content of total C%, increased the contents of amino acid N% and total N%, but had no effect on protein N%. The ratio of total C% to N% was significantly reduced. The effect of precipitation fluctuates between grazing and non-grazing, but it does not reach the significant level. Grazing could significantly increase the body weight of indoor adults and the progress of outdoor development, reduce the mortality, shorten the development period and increase the growth rate of female from the fifth instar to the adult, but the difference was not significant. Precipitation significantly reduced the outdoor development progress of the locust. 3. Grazing decreased the content of soluble sugar C% in leaves of Leymus chinensis in autumn, but had no significant effect on the contents of starch C% and total C%, while grazing significantly decreased the content of total N%. However, there was no significant effect on amino acid N% and protein N%, while grazing significantly increased the ratio of C: n% to C: n%. Precipitation significantly decreased the total N% content of Leymus chinensis in autumn and increased the total N% content significantly. Grazing could significantly reduce the mortality of females from the fifth instar to the adult stage, shorten the development period, increase the growth rate and increase the body weight of the adults. The effect of precipitation on this locust was not significant (p 0.05).
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812.6

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