水氮互作对膜下滴灌玉米生理性状及产量的影响

发布时间：2018-04-28 07:48

本文选题：玉米 + 产量　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：通过田间裂区试验,研究不同灌水量(1800m~3/hm~2(W1)、2700m~3/hm~2(W2)、3600m~3/hm~2(W3))和施氮量(0kg/hm~2(N0)、100kg/hm~2(N1)、200kg/hm~2(N2)、300kg/hm~2(N3))对膜下滴灌玉米干物质积累与分配、生育期光合特性、水氮利用效率、土壤硝态氮含量及产量的影响。1.随着灌水量的增加,玉米耗水量呈上升趋势,而玉米水分利用效率呈下降趋势。氮肥农学效率及氮肥偏生产力随着施氮量的增加而减小,表现为N300N200N100。当灌水量大于2700m~3/hm~2、施氮量大于200kg/hm~2时,产量不在增加,反而呈下降趋势。因此,在本试验条件下,从建立资源节约型环境友好型农业方面考虑,推荐最佳灌水量为2700m~3/hm~2,施氮量为200kg/hm~2。2.玉米单株叶面积随着施氮量与灌水量的增加而增大,施氮和灌水均会影响玉米叶片生长,处理W3N3、W3N2、W2N3和W2N2表现出较高的叶面积。施氮和灌水可以显著增加玉米的干物质积累量,且施氮处理较不施氮处理、中高灌水处理较低灌水处理均表现出显著的差异性,且干物质积累的主要部位随着玉米生长发育而不同。在整个生育期,玉米在不同施肥及灌水处理条件下均是拔节期植株全氮含量最高,随着生育期的推进,高灌水处理W3和低灌水处理W1的叶片全氮含量出现“降-升-降”变化趋势,灌浆中期到成熟期叶片全氮含量降幅最高,全氮含量达到最小值,而玉米茎全氮含量变化趋势为随着生育时期的推进而呈直线式下降。3.玉米叶片SPAD值随着灌水量的增加而增大,表现为W3W2W1,在同一灌水定额条件下,玉米叶片SPAD值随施氮量的增加而增大,从田间试验结果及显著性检验看出,水氮互作对膜下滴灌玉米不同生育时期叶片叶绿素含量无显著影响。在玉米不同生育时期,施氮、灌水和水氮互作均能影响玉米光合特性,在同一灌水条件下,施氮可以提高叶绿素含量、叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,且施氮处理显著高于不施氮处理(P0.05),施氮处理间差异性不显著,表现为N3N2N1N0。在同一施氮量条件下,灌水可以提高叶绿素含量、叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,表现为W3W2W1。在水氮互作条件下,处理W2N2、W3N2和W3N3净光合速率表现较好。4.水氮互作对膜下滴灌玉米0-100cm土层土壤硝态氮积累影响显著。在玉米全生育期,不同施肥及灌水处理下,均是高氮处理N3土壤硝态氮的累积量最高。在不同灌水处理条件下,低灌水量W1处理土壤硝态氮累积峰值在40-60cm处,中灌水量W2处理土壤硝态氮累积峰值在60-80cm处,高灌水量W3处理土壤硝态氮累积峰值在80-100cm处。施氮影响0-100cm土层土壤硝态氮的累积量,灌水则影响土壤硝态氮的淋溶深度,施氮和灌水共同影响土壤硝态氮的累积。
[Abstract]:Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different irrigation amounts on dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthesis characteristics, water use efficiency, soil N content and yield of maize under drip irrigation with different irrigation amounts of 1800mg / 3hmn-1 / 2700mg / 2700mg / 3 / 3 and N / 0 / 100kg / 100kghmm2N1 / 100 kg / 100kghmm2N ~ (2 +) / N ~ (2 +) / N ~ (2 +), respectively, on dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic characteristics at growth stage, water and nitrogen use efficiency, soil state content and yield of maize under drip irrigation under film. The effects of different irrigation rates on dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic characteristics, water and nitrogen use efficiency, soil state content and yield were studied in a field experiment with different irrigation amounts (100 kg 路hm ~ (-2) N ~ (2) 路h ~ (-1) N ~ (2 +) 路N ~ (-1). With the increase of irrigation amount, the water consumption of maize increased and the water use efficiency of maize decreased. The agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, which was shown as N300N200N100. When the irrigation amount was more than 2700mg / hm ~ 2 and the nitrogen application rate was more than 200 kg / hm ~ 2, the yield did not increase, but decreased. Therefore, considering the establishment of resource-conserving and environment-friendly agriculture, the best irrigation amount is 2700mng / hmc2and the nitrogen application amount is 200kghmmc2.2in this experiment. The leaf area per plant increased with the increase of nitrogen application and irrigation amount. Both nitrogen application and irrigation could affect the growth of maize leaves, and the treatments W3N3 and W3N2W2N3 and W2N2 showed higher leaf area. Nitrogen application and irrigation could significantly increase dry matter accumulation of maize, and nitrogen treatment showed significant difference compared with no nitrogen application treatment, middle and high irrigation treatment and low irrigation treatment. The main parts of dry matter accumulation were different with maize growth and development. During the whole growth period, maize had the highest total nitrogen content in jointing stage under different fertilization and irrigation treatments. The total nitrogen content of leaves of high irrigation treatment W3 and low irrigation treatment W1 showed a trend of "down-rise-descending", the decrease of leaf total nitrogen content was the highest from the middle filling stage to the mature stage, and the total nitrogen content reached the minimum value. The change trend of total nitrogen content of maize stem is that with the development of growth period, the total nitrogen content decreases in a straight-line manner. 3. The SPAD value of maize leaf increased with the increase of irrigation amount, which was manifested as W3W2W1. Under the same irrigation quota, the SPAD value of maize leaf increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Water and nitrogen interaction had no significant effect on chlorophyll content in leaves of drip irrigation maize at different growth stages. Under the same irrigation condition, nitrogen application could increase chlorophyll content, leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. The difference of N application treatment was higher than that of no N application treatment P 0.05, and the difference between N application treatment and N application treatment was not significant, showing that N 3N 2N 1N 0. Under the same nitrogen application rate, irrigation could increase chlorophyll content, leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, which showed W3W2W1. Under the interaction of water and nitrogen, the net photosynthetic rate of W2N2W3N2 and W3N3 was better. 4. The effects of water and nitrogen interaction on nitrate accumulation in 0-100cm soil layer of drip irrigation maize under film were significant. In the whole growth period of maize, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in N _ 3 soil was the highest under different fertilization and irrigation treatments. Under different irrigation conditions, the peak value of nitrate accumulation in low irrigation W1 treatment was at 40-60cm, in middle irrigation W2 treatment soil nitrate accumulation peak was at 60-80cm, and in high irrigation W3 treatment soil nitrate accumulation peak was at 80-100cm. Nitrogen application affected the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in 0-100cm soil layer, irrigation affected the leaching depth of soil nitrate nitrogen, and nitrogen application and irrigation affected the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

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