喀左县野杏引种适应性及优树遗传测定研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 09:07

  本文选题：野杏 + 引种适应性　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：野杏(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.var.ansu(Maxim.)Yu et Lu)是蔷薇科李亚科杏属植物,在我国河北、山西、宁夏、甘肃等省普遍野生。野杏生态价值高,是干旱、半干旱地区优良的造林、绿化树种。野杏杏仁营养丰富,用途广泛。野杏种质资源丰富,具有较高的优种选育潜力,适合在辽宁地区引种推广。本研究在前期山杏种质资源调查、收集和苗期观测基础上,全面调查研究了引种野杏不同立地条件栽培生长差异、野杏抗寒生理特性和优树遗传测定,综合考察其在辽宁喀左地区的适应能力,为野杏的大规模栽培提供理论和实践依据。主要研究结果如下:野杏适应力强,将西北地区野杏引种到喀左的成功概率大。种源地与引种地之间极端高温、极端低温差异明显,故温度是引种的主要限制因素。上腹、半阳坡、厚土层最适宜野杏生长。在相同立地条件下,野杏的生长情况要优于本地山杏。野杏枝条的相对电导率随着处理温度降低而增加;CAT酶活性的变化趋势大致为"升-降-升-降";POD酶活性的变化趋势大致为"升-降";可溶性糖含量在-35℃时达到高峰;游离脯氨酸含量在-35℃达到高峰;丙二醛含量呈"升-降"的趋势。三个样品抗寒能力排序为:Y2S1Y1。引种野杏家系质量性状的频度分布与无性系相近:小枝颜色以红褐色为主,果枝类型以中果枝为主,叶片形状以卵圆形为主,叶基形状以楔形为主,叶尖形状以渐尖为主,叶表、叶背多被毛,枝干类型以密生枝刺为主,核粘离性以离核为主,果实口感以涩味为主,果实形状以扁长圆形为主,果皮颜色以黄色为主,果肉干燥程度以少汁为主,核仁味道以苦为主。引种野杏无性系数量性状变异系数除核宽、核厚、仁宽外,其余各性状均达11%以上,最高为冠幅,达65%;家系数量性状变异系数除核厚、仁厚外,其余各性状均达12%以上,最高是小枝长度,达到70%。说明野杏家系、无性系种质资源丰富,选育优良品种的潜力大。野杏无性系各性状差异达到极显著水平(p0.01)。野杏果实、核、仁性状重复力较高,为0.83～0.99;嫩枝、叶片、叶柄为0.72～0.93;主枝基角、冠幅、树高重复力为0.46～0.50;干径重复力最低,为0.27。野杏家系苗高、主枝基角性状差异达到显著水平(p0.05),其余性状差异达到极显著水平(p0.01)。家系遗传力最高的指标为单果重,达0.96;最低为核壳厚度0.16;各性状单株遗传力最大为小枝粗度,达0.88;最小为主枝基角0.06。
[Abstract]:Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.var.ansu(Maxim.)Yu et Lu) is a genus of Apricot of Rosaceae, which is widely wild in Hebei, Shanxi, Ningxia and Gansu provinces. Wild apricot has high ecological value and is an excellent afforestation and greening tree species in arid and semi-arid areas. Wild apricot almonds are rich in nutrition and widely used. Wild apricot is rich in germplasm resources and has high breeding potential. On the basis of the investigation of germplasm resources, collection and observation of seedling stage in the early stage of apricot, the growth difference of introduced wild apricot under different site conditions, the physiological characteristics of cold resistance and the genetic analysis of superior tree were studied. The adaptability of wild apricot in Kazuo area of Liaoning province was investigated comprehensively to provide theoretical and practical basis for large-scale cultivation of wild apricot. The main results are as follows: the adaptability of wild apricot is strong, and the success probability of introducing wild apricot to Kazuo in northwest region is great. The difference of extreme high temperature and extreme low temperature between provenance land and introduced land is obvious, so temperature is the main limiting factor of introduction. Upper abdomen, half-sunny slope, thick soil layer is the most suitable for wild apricot growth. Under the same site condition, the growth of wild apricot was better than that of native apricot. The relative conductivity of wild apricot branches increased with the decrease of treatment temperature. The change trend of POD activity was about "rise-down-descending", and the content of soluble sugar reached its peak at -35 鈩，

本文编号：1814636