黄芪有效成分与生态因子相关性及干旱胁迫对黄芪黄酮类成分积累的影响

发布时间：2018-04-28 23:29

  本文选题：生态因子 + 黄芪甲苷　； 参考：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：黄芪为豆科黄芪属,多年生草本植物,作为一味大宗药材,常以蒙古黄芪[Astragalusmembranaceus(Fisch.)var.mongholicus(Bunge)P.K.Hsiao]和膜荚黄芪[Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge]的干燥根入药,需求量大,目前主要通过人工种植的方式满足市场需求。黄芪主产区为内蒙古自治区、山西省和甘肃省等我国北方干旱和半干旱地区。黄芪品质的差异主要由遗传和环境因素共同影响。为了解黄芪有效成分与生态因子的关系,我们收集不同产地2年生蒙古黄芪根和土壤样品,通过中国气象局收集8个地区1981-2010年30年间年均温、活动积温、年降水量、年日照等的平均值,测定黄芪有效成分和土壤养分含量,综合评价影响黄芪有效成分积累的生态因子。同时采用盆栽法模拟干旱处理,研究水分胁迫对黄芪生理状态及其根、茎、叶中毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素和芒柄花苷4种黄酮类化合物含量的影响。研究结果如下:1.不同产地蒙古黄芪毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、黄芪甲苷、黄芪皂苷Ⅲ和黄芪皂苷Ⅰ含量具有差异性,且毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和黄芪甲苷含量均高于药典规定的指标含量。综合比较发现,内蒙古自治区丰镇市、武川县、固阳县和山西省浑源县所产的蒙古黄芪品质较好。2.通过对黄芪有效成分与气候因子的相关性研究发现,年降水量、年日照时数、年均温、纬度对蒙古黄芪有效成分积累具有一定的影响。黄芪黄酮类成分含量与年降水量和年均温呈负相关,与年日照时数、纬度呈正相关;皂苷类成分年均温、活动积温呈负相关,与年降水量呈正相关。3.黄芪有效成分与土壤养分中有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮和速效磷呈负相关,而与速效钾、pH和可溶性盐含量呈正相关,提示在今后蒙古黄芪生产种植中应注意控制施氮肥和磷肥的施用量来提升黄芪品质。4.膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪幼苗中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和毛蕊异黄酮含量存在差异。膜荚黄芪幼苗茎和叶中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷积累要多于根,蒙古黄芪则是根、茎和叶无显著差异。而且在3年生蒙古黄芪中,不同器官的毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量表现为根叶茎,而毛蕊异黄酮含量则是叶茎根。推测这可能是由合成代谢中的相关基因调控和黄酮类物质转运导致的。同时,茎和叶中黄酮类含量较高,为黄芪资源的综合利用提供理论依据。5.适度的干旱胁迫能够促进黄芪毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的积累,过度干旱胁迫则不利于其积累。此外,蒙古黄芪对干旱的适应性强,适于在我国干旱和非干旱地区种植。
[Abstract]:Astragalus membranaceus is a perennial herb of Leguminosae. As a large amount of medicinal materials, the dried roots of Astragalus mongolicus [Astragalusmembranaceus(Fisch.)var.mongholicus(Bunge)P.K.Hsiao] and Astragalus membranaceus [Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge] are often used as medicine. The main producing areas of Astragalus are Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, Shanxi Province and Gansu Province. The quality difference of Astragalus membranaceus was mainly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In order to understand the relationship between the active components of Astragalus membranaceus and ecological factors, we collected the root and soil samples of 2-year-old Astragalus mongolicus from different habitats. Through the China Meteorological Administration, we collected the annual average temperature, accumulated temperature and annual precipitation from 1981 to 2010 in 8 regions. The average value of annual sunshine was used to determine the effective components of Astragalus membranaceus and the content of soil nutrients, and the ecological factors affecting the accumulation of active components of Astragalus membranaceus were comprehensively evaluated. The effects of water stress on the physiological state of Astragalus membranaceus and the contents of isoflavones in roots, stems and leaves, glucoside of isoflavone, glucoside of Acanthophorin and anthocyanin of Astragalus membranaceus were studied by pot experiment. The results are as follows: 1. The contents of isoflavone glucoside, anthocyanin, isoflavone, astragaloside A, Astragaloside 鈪，

本文编号：1817400