密度与施氮量对秋玉米产量形成与氮素利用的影响

发布时间：2018-04-29 07:45

本文选题：秋玉米 + 密度　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着长江中游种植制度的变化,秋玉米的种植面积在逐渐增加,为协同实现秋玉米高产与氮素高效利用提供理论依据和技术支撑,本研究以半紧凑型秋玉米品种勤玉58为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,施氮量为主区、种植密度为副区,探讨氮肥、密度及其互作对秋玉米冠层结构,干物质积累,产量及氮素利用效率的影响。本试验共设置4个氮肥处理,包括不施氮(N0)、210 N kg/ha(底肥与追肥1次,N210-1)、210 N kg/ha(底肥与追肥2次,N210-2)、300 N kg/ha(常规施肥,N300)。设置60000株/ha(D1)、78000株/ha(D2)、93000株/ha(D3)三个种植密度。研究结果表明:1.本试验条件下,种植密度和施氮处理及其互作对株高、穗位高、茎粗的影响不显著。而密度及施氮处理对各时期叶面积指数的影响均显著,随着密度的增加呈现增加的趋势,施氮后,随着施氮量的增加呈现增加的趋势,密度和施氮互作对各时期叶面积指数的影响均不显著。2.本试验条件下,种植密度对大喇叭口期后群体不同层次透光率的影响显著,随着密度的增加,(中部或)穗位层及底层透光率呈现下降的趋势。施氮对群体不同层次透光率的影响不显著,密度和施氮互作对群体不同层次透光率的影响不显著。3.本试验条件下,相较于不施氮处理,种植密度和施氮量对干物质积累量影响显著,随着施氮量的增加呈现不断增加的趋势,提高密度各时期群体干物质积累量也在不断增加,但种植密度和施氮量处理之间对各时期群体干物质积累的影响均不显著。不同种植密度和施氮量处理对花后干物质积累比例影响不显著。4.本试验条件下,种植密度和施氮处理及其互作对穗粒数和千粒重的影响均不显著,产量的差异主要来自于穗数,高密度(93000株/ha)显著好于低密度(60000株/ha),氮肥后移似乎对产量没影响。4个氮肥处理下,中密度(78000株/ha)与高密度(93000株/ha)产量差异不显著,N210-2处理除外。因此,在长江中下游地区的秋玉米种植,密度设置为78000株/ha,N210-1氮肥处理水平下可以取得较高的产量。5.相较于N210-1,中密度(78000株/ha)与高密度(93000株/ha)N210-2氮肥后移处理显著增加氮肥利用效率。氮素回收效率、成熟期群体氮含量积累量最大的均是中密度(78000株/ha)下N210-1处理。结合产量数据,最适宜的秋玉米协同实现高产与氮高效利用的种植模式是中密度(78000株/ha)施氮量N210-1处理。
[Abstract]:With the change of planting system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the planting area of autumn maize is gradually increasing, which provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the cooperative realization of high yield and high nitrogen use of autumn corn. In this study, Qinyu 58, a semi-compact autumn maize variety, was used as the experimental material. The experiment design of split area was used. The nitrogen fertilizer, density and their interaction on the canopy structure and dry matter accumulation of autumn corn were discussed. The nitrogen application rate was the main area and the planting density was the secondary area. Effects of yield and nitrogen use efficiency. A total of 4 nitrogen treatments were set up in this experiment, including 210N / ha (N 210-1U 210N / ha) without N _ 0N _ 0N / ha (N _ 210-2N / ha) (N _ 210-2n ~ (3) N 路kg / ha) (N _ (300) N / ha). Set up three planting densities of 60000 / hajao D _ (1) ~ 78, 000 / ha ~ (2) ~ (2) / / ha ~ (3) ~ (3). The results of the study show that 1: 1. In this experiment, the effects of planting density, nitrogen application and their interaction on plant height, ear height and stem diameter were not significant. The effect of density and nitrogen application on leaf area index was significant, and increased with the increase of density, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The effect of density and nitrogen application on leaf area index was not significant. In this experiment, the effect of planting density on the light transmittance of different layers after big bell mouth stage was significant, and the light transmittance of panicle layer and bottom layer decreased with the increase of density. The effect of nitrogen application on the light transmittance of different layers of the population was not significant, while the effect of density and nitrogen application interaction on the light transmittance of different layers of the population was not significant. Under the experimental conditions, the dry matter accumulation was significantly affected by planting density and nitrogen application rate, and the dry matter accumulation increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the dry matter accumulation of population in different periods of increasing density was also increasing. But the effects of planting density and nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation were not significant. The effects of different planting density and nitrogen application amount on dry matter accumulation after anthesis were not significant. 4. Under the experimental conditions, the effects of planting density, nitrogen application and their interaction on the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight were not significant, and the difference of yield was mainly from the number of panicles. 93000 plants / haa of high density were significantly better than those of 60 000 plants / ha of low density, nitrogen fertilizer backward shift seemed to have no effect on yield. Under 4 nitrogen fertilizer treatments, there was no significant difference in yield between medium density 78 000 / ha and high density 93 000 / ha. except for N210-2 treatment. Therefore, in autumn maize planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a high yield of .5. can be obtained under the nitrogen fertilizer treatment level of 78000 plants / hajiu N210-1. Compared with N _ 210-1, the N use efficiency was significantly increased after N _ 210-1N _ 210-2 nitrogen fertilizer transfer treatment and high-density N _ 210-2 nitrogen fertilizer / / ha) and high-density ~ 93000 plants / / ha ~ (2) treatments. The highest nitrogen recovery efficiency and nitrogen accumulation in mature population were treated with N210-1 under the medium density of 78000 plants / ha. Based on the yield data, the most suitable cropping pattern for high yield and high nitrogen utilization of autumn maize was the treatment of N application rate N 210-1 with medium density of 78000 plants / ha.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

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