海马齿生态浮床对高位池养殖效果的研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 18:11

本文选题：海马齿生态浮床 + 高位池　；参考：《中山大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本实验的研究基地位于湛江徐闻,以铺设有海马齿生态浮床的高位池塘作为试验塘,无铺设浮床的高位塘作为对照塘,两种塘均放养凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)和卵形鲳湽(Trachinotus ovatus)。通过研究试验塘和对照塘的水质变化、对虾和卵形鲳湽生长情况以及肌肉品质,评价海马齿生态浮床对高位池塘养殖水体的净化修复效果及对水产品养殖效果的改善,以期为海马齿浮床在水产养殖中的推广应用提供更多的科学依据。1、海马齿浮床对高位池水体的净化效果实验结果表明:(1)实验塘盐度变化在15.3-24.3之间,海马齿叶片鲜绿且茂盛,根系发达,分蘖较多,说明海马齿在此盐度变化范围内能够生长良好。(2)经过近四个月的处理,试验塘中氨氮、亚硝态氮、总氮、活性磷和COD的含量显著低于对照塘(P0.05),水体透明度显著高于对照塘(P0.05),说明海马齿能降低污水中营养盐,提高水体透明度。海马齿对养殖水体中NH4+-N、NO--N、TN、PO43--P、COD去除率分别达到47.41%、89.02%、42.24%、76.07%、66.09%,因此,海马齿浮床系统能有效去除水体中污染物。2、海马齿浮床对高位池鱼、虾生长等性状的影响实验结果表明:(1)养殖期间,试验塘对虾体长、体长特定生长率均高于对照塘且存在显著性差异(P0.05);试验塘鱼虾体重特定生长率都高于对照塘且存在显著性差异(P0.05);试验结束后,试验塘鱼虾体重均显著高于对照塘(P0.05)。(2)试验塘卵形鲳湽肝体比与对照塘差异不显著(P0.05),但是略高于对照塘;试验塘凡纳滨对虾肝体比显著低于对照塘(P0.05);试验塘卵形鲳湽肥满度显著高于对照塘(P0.05),凡纳滨对虾则差异不显著(P0.05);试验塘卵形鲳湽空壳体质量比与对照塘差异不显著(P0.05);试验塘凡纳滨对虾空壳体质量比显著高于对照塘(P0.05)。海马齿生态浮床的铺设使得养殖环境得到很好的改善,进而改善了鱼虾的生长状况。3、海马齿浮床对高位池鱼、虾肌肉品质的影响实验结果表明:(1)养殖结束后,试验塘凡纳滨对虾和卵形鲳湽的滴水损失、失水率、贮存损失显著低于对照塘(P0.05);试验塘卵形鲳湽的冷冻渗出率显著低于对照塘(P0.05);试验塘凡纳滨对虾熟肉率显著高于对照塘(P0.05)。(2)试验塘卵形鲳湽的水分、粗脂肪显著低于对照塘(P0.05),粗蛋白显著高于对照塘(P0.05);试验塘凡纳滨对虾粗蛋白显著高于对照塘(P0.05),粗脂肪显著低于对照塘(P0.05)。(3)实验塘中卵形鲳湽和凡纳滨对虾肌肉的总氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量均显著高于对照塘(P0.05)。(4)试验塘卵形鲳湽和凡纳滨对虾的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)均显著低于对照塘(P0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)显著高于对照塘(P0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量包括EPA和DHA均显著高于对照塘(P0.05)。综上,海马齿浮床能提高肌肉系水力,对鱼虾肌肉品质产生了积极的影响,提高了鱼虾的营养价值。
[Abstract]:The research base of this experiment is located in Xuwen, Zhanjiang. A high pond with a seahorse ecological floating bed is used as the test pond, and the high position pond without floated bed is used as the control pond. The two kinds of ponds are fed with Litopenaeus vannamei and Trachinotus ovatus. By studying the water quality changes of the test pond and the control pond, the shrimp and the shrimp and the control pond are studied. In order to provide more scientific basis for the popularization and application of sea horse tooth floating bed in aquaculture, the purification effect of seahorse buoyant bed on the water of the high pool water is provided by the.1. The results were as follows: (1) the salinity of the experimental pond changed between 15.3-24.3, the leaves of the hippocampus were bright green and flourishing, the roots developed and the tillers were more, indicating that the sea horse teeth could grow well within the salinity range. (2) after nearly four months of treatment, the content of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total nitrogen, active phosphorus and COD in the test pond was significantly lower than that of the control pond (P0.05). The body transparency was significantly higher than that of the control pond (P0.05), indicating that hippocampal teeth could reduce nutrients in sewage and improve water transparency. The removal rates of NH4+-N, NO--N, TN, PO43--P and COD in aquaculture water reached 47.41%, 89.02%, 42.24%, 76.07%, 66.09% respectively. Therefore, the sea horse tooth floating bed system could effectively remove pollutants.2 in water body and the floating bed of hippocampal teeth. The experimental results showed that: (1) during the culture period, the body length of the shrimp was longer and the specific growth rate of the body length was higher than that of the control pond (P0.05). The specific growth rate of the body weight of the fish and shrimp in the test pond was higher than that of the control pond (P0.05); after the test, the weight of the fish and shrimp in the test pond was all obvious. It was higher than the control pond (P0.05). (2) there was no significant difference in the liver body ratio in the test pond (P0.05), but slightly higher than that of the control pond; the liver body ratio of Penaeus vannamei was significantly lower than that of the control pond (P0.05), and the fatness of the pimopex was significantly higher than that of the control pond (P0.05), and the difference was not significant (P0.05) in the vannopus vannamei (P0.05). The mass ratio of the empty shell was not significant (P0.05), the mass ratio of the shell body of Penaeus vannamei was significantly higher than that of the control pond (P0.05). The laying of the ecological floating bed of the hippocampal teeth improved the culture environment well, and then improved the growth of the fish and shrimp, and the effect of the sea horse tooth floating bed on the quality of the high pond fish and the shrimp muscle. The results were as follows: (1) the loss of water drop, water loss rate and storage loss were significantly lower than that of the control pond (P0.05). The rate of frozen exudation in the test pond was significantly lower than that of the control pond (P0.05); the rate of cooked meat of Penaeus vannamei was significantly higher than that of the control pond (P0.05) in the test pond (P0.05). (2) the water of the ovate ponds in the test pond. The crude fat was significantly lower than the control pond (P0.05), and the crude protein was significantly higher than that of the control pond (P0.05). The crude protein of Penaeus vannamei was significantly higher than that of the control pond (P0.05), and the crude fat was significantly lower than that of the control pond (P0.05). (3) the total amino acid content, the content of fresh amino acids and the essential amino acid content of the muscle of the ovate ovate and Penaeus vannamei in the experimental pond Both significantly higher than the control pond (P0.05). (4) the saturated fatty acid (SFA) of the pontovex and Penaeus vannamei was significantly lower than that of the control pond (P0.05), and the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was significantly higher than that of the control pond (P0.05). The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including EPA and DHA, was significantly higher than that of the control pond (P0.05). The water power of meat has a positive effect on the quality of fish and shrimp, and improves the nutritional value of fish and shrimp.

【学位授予单位】：中山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S968.22;S965

【参考文献】