施用穗肥对超级杂交稻生物学特性及镉积累的影响

发布时间：2018-05-02 02:49

本文选题：超级杂交稻 + 穗肥　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：超级杂交稻是产量潜力很强的水稻品种,但产量的形成不仅仅是遗传基因决定,还受限制于自然环境,通过适宜的栽培手段充分发挥其生产潜力,提高粮食产量,对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本实验是研究不同穗肥的施用方法对超级杂交稻产量的提升效果,通过对不同穗肥的施用方法对超级杂交稻品种Y两优900的农艺性状、产量形成因素、生理指标以及镉积累的研究分析得出以下结论：1、幼穗分化时期施用穗肥对超级杂交稻Y两优900的节间伸长无明显影响,不施穗肥处理的穗长较短于施穗肥的处理,穗肥处理间的穗长相比无显著差异,所以穗肥的施用对该品种的株高无显著提高作用,该超级杂交稻品种对肥料有较强的耐性,适应各种施肥方法而不会明显增加株高从而降低抗倒性,具有高产的基本特性。2、幼穗分化前期施穗肥对植株有效穗的形成有促进作用,且对生物产量和经济产量的提高具有一定的作用,特别是在高肥水平下这规律表现得更为明显。3、幼穗分化前期施穗肥可促进二次枝梗分化发育,后期施穗肥可降低颖花退化,增加总颖花数量,但对结实率和千粒重无显著影响。4、幼穗分化中期和后期施穗肥,因叶绿素含量的增长,水稻叶片的光合能力和SPAD值均可得到提升,但越往后施肥后期SPAD值下降越慢,植株贪青,产量不增反减。5、穗肥对超级杂交稻镉积累的影响表现为生长时期越靠前,施肥量越大,基础镉含量越多,其后期稻谷中的镉含量也相应较高,中后期施用穗肥对提升镉积累的影响最低。
[Abstract]:Super hybrid rice is a rice variety with high yield potential, but the yield is not only determined by genetic genes, but also restricted to natural environment. It is of great significance to ensure national food security. This experiment was to study the effect of different panicle fertilizer application methods on the yield of super hybrid rice. The agronomic characters and yield formation factors of super hybrid rice Yliangyou 900 were studied by applying different panicle fertilizer methods. The physiological indexes and cadmium accumulation were studied and analyzed. The following conclusions were drawn: at the stage of young ear differentiation, the Internode elongation of super hybrid rice YLiangyou 900 was not affected by applying panicle fertilizer, but the ear length of non-panicle fertilizer treatment was shorter than that of panicle fertilizer application. There was no significant difference in ear appearance ratio among panicle fertilizer treatments, so the application of panicle fertilizer had no significant effect on the plant height of the variety, and the super hybrid rice had strong tolerance to fertilizer. Adapted to various fertilization methods without increasing plant height significantly to reduce the resistance to toppling, it has the basic characteristics of high yield. At the early stage of young ear differentiation, the application of panicle fertilizer can promote the formation of effective panicles. And it has certain effect on the increase of biological yield and economic yield, especially in the high fertilizer level, this rule is more obvious. At the early stage of young panicle differentiation, the application of spike fertilizer can promote the secondary branch and stem differentiation development, and the late application of spike fertilizer can reduce the spikelet degeneration. The total spikelet number was increased, but there was no significant effect on seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. The photosynthetic ability and SPAD value of rice leaves were increased by applying panicle fertilizer in the middle and late stages of panicle differentiation, because of the increase of chlorophyll content, but there was no significant effect on seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. However, the SPAD value decreased more slowly at the later stage of fertilization, the plant was greener and the yield decreased instead of increasing. The effect of panicle fertilizer on cadmium accumulation in super hybrid rice showed that the higher the growth period, the larger the amount of fertilizer and the more cadmium content. The content of cadmium in rice was also higher in the later stage, and the effect of applying spike fertilizer on the accumulation of cadmium was the lowest in the middle and late stage.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S511

【相似文献】