邯郸市园林植物病虫害发生规律调查与防治研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 04:48

本文选题：病虫害 + 园林植物　；参考：《河北工程大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市建设进程的加快,邯郸市城市园林绿化建设的步伐也随之加快。由于绿化过程中引进了大量的植物新品种,致使城市内原有的植物群落生态结构发生了巨大变化,为园林植物病虫害的发生提供了有利条件,同时因为气候的变化、栽培养护及管理措施不到位等因素,造成园林植物病虫害的发生频率逐年上升。为了摸清邯郸市园林植物病虫害的种类、发生规律及危害程度,并掌握其科学的综合防治技术,以达到有效地预防和控制园林病虫害的发生和蔓延,提高园林绿化及美化效果,本论文采取实地普查、重点调查和取样调查三种方法对邯郸市园林植物病虫害的发生情况进行了详细调查研究,并在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,对主要病虫害的无公害防治技术进行了实地试验,主要结果如下:1.通过对邯郸市区园林植物病虫害种类调查,发现常见的园林植物病虫害种类92种,其中虫害59种,病害33种。发生及危害严重的病害有紫薇白粉病、紫薇煤污病、大叶黄杨白粉病、碧桃流胶病、雪松针枯病5种;发生及危害严重的虫害有月季长管蚜、朝鲜球坚蚧、紫薇绒蚧、光肩星天牛、栾多态毛蚜、红蜘蛛、月季切叶蜂、洋白蜡卷叶绵蚜、蛴螬9种。2.对发生严重的大叶黄杨白粉病、紫薇煤污病、栾多态毛蚜、光肩星天牛、蛴螬等14种病虫害的实地发生条件、发生规律及管理现状进行了详细调查,分析归纳出了在当地发生的诱因、发生规律、防预的最佳时间和防治措施。3.在本市首次发现了洋白蜡卷叶绵蚜的侵入,并对其发生地点及危害状况进行了及时掌控。其鉴别特征:个体较小,体被白色蜡丝,在洋白蜡上的无翅和有翅孤雌蚜体长不超过3 mm,多短于2.1 mm,以无翅蚜占多数;被危害后洋白蜡树卷叶或下垂,明显影响景观效果。洋白蜡卷叶绵蚜生长迅速、繁殖量大、数量多,一旦发生危害严重。4.对大叶黄杨白粉病、蚜虫主要病虫害进行了无公害防治研究。结果表明:70%剂型代森锰锌可以很好地防治大叶黄杨白粉病;黄板诱集蚜虫可以有效地延缓虫害发生期5-10天;高效低毒农药的筛选得出吡虫啉在快速治理蚜虫中见效最快;新型生物农药中保骄蓝0.5%苦参碱水剂在蚜虫长效防治上取得较好的防治效果。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urban construction, the pace of urban landscaping construction in Handan City is also accelerated. Due to the introduction of a large number of new plant varieties in the course of greening, the ecological structure of the original plant communities in the city has undergone tremendous changes, which has provided favorable conditions for the occurrence of plant diseases and pests in the garden, and at the same time, because of the change of climate, The frequency of plant diseases and insect pests increased year by year. In order to find out the species, occurrence regularity and harm degree of plant diseases and insect pests in Handan city, and master the scientific comprehensive prevention and control technology, we can effectively prevent and control the occurrence and spread of garden diseases and insect pests, and improve the effect of landscaping and landscaping. In this paper, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in Handan is investigated in detail by three methods: field survey, focus investigation and sampling investigation, and on the basis of consulting the relevant literature at home and abroad, the paper makes a detailed investigation and research on the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in Handan City. The field test of pollution free control technology of main diseases and insect pests was carried out, and the main results were as follows: 1. Based on the investigation of plant diseases and pests in Handan city, 92 kinds of plant diseases and insect pests were found, including 59 species of pests and 33 species of diseases. Among the diseases that occur and cause serious harm are powdery mildew, coal stain, powdery mildew of Populus davidifolia, Prunus myrrhidis, pine-needle blight, and insect pests that cause and cause serious damage, such as the aphid of the long tube of the Chinese rose, the scale of Korea, and the scale of the verdant of the lilac. C. auriculata, Luan Luan polymorphic hair aphid, red spider, cut leaf wasp of rose, aphid, 9 species of grubs. The occurrence conditions, occurrence rules and management status of 14 diseases and insect pests, such as severe powdery mildew of Populus grandiflorum, coal stain of Lagerstroemia chinensis, polymorphic hair aphid, Anoeophora auriculata and grub, were investigated in detail. The inducement, occurrence law, the best time of prevention and control measures. 3. It was the first time in this city to find the invasion of Myzus mandshurica, and to control its occurrence location and hazard situation in a timely manner. The identification characteristics were as follows: the individual was small, the body was covered with white wax filaments, the length of wingless and winged parthenogenetic aphids was less than 3 mm, more than 2.1 mm, and the wingless aphids were the majority. The APHIS mandshurica grew rapidly, its reproduction amount was large and the number was much, once it occurred, the harm was serious. 4. Pollution-free control of powdery mildew and aphid was studied. The results showed that 70% mancozeb could effectively control powdery mildew of Populus japonicus, the aphids induced by yellow board could effectively delay the occurrence of insect pests for 5-10 days, and the screening of high efficiency and low toxicity pesticides showed that imidacloprid was the most effective in the rapid control of aphids. A new biological pesticide, Baojiao blue 0.5% matrine, has been used to control aphids for a long time.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.8

【参考文献】