中耕培土机拍打机构的设计与分析

发布时间：2018-05-03 08:52

本文选题：垄作栽培 + 拍打机构　；参考：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：垄作栽培方法可以提高地温、减轻病虫害发生,能显著提高农作物产量,因而广泛应用于甜菜、水稻、山药、甘蔗等粮食作物和经济作物种植中。中耕培土是垄作物生长过程中一项重要的田间管理措施,它能疏松土壤、调节土壤水分、促进农作物根系的发育,由此提高作物的抗倒伏能力和农田的排水能力,实现农作物丰收。针对现有中耕培土机工作过程中存在的培土较松、垄面没压实的问题,本文提出了一种行进中能将垄面压实的新型中耕培土机,其拍打机构通过一套空间连杆机构驱动两块拍打板拍击垄面来达到压实土壤的目的。本文主要对其拍打机构进行了理论分析和参数优化,最后搭建了拍打机构试验台并进行了田间拍土试验,验证该试验台的拍土效果。论文的主要内容如下:1.介绍了中耕培土机的工作原理,对其拍打机构进行了理论分析,建立了拍打机构的运动学模型,编写了基于MATLAB GUI开发平台的计算机辅助分析软件,通过开发的交互式用户界面,能实时显示机构运动情况。2.对土壤的性质进行了分析,介绍了土壤的压实机理。然后在试验田中进行了土壤的拍打压实试验,根据农作物生长对土壤硬度的要求,在沟渠侧面土壤硬度为0.6kg/cm2时,测量出拍打要压实的厚度为20mm,拍实后土壤硬度为1.0kg/cm2。3.根据建立的拍打机构的运动学模型,对比分析了空间连杆机构中各个杆长参数变化对拍打板的角加速度和两侧拍打板输出振幅的影响,为了求出拍打板拍土瞬间的的最大角加速度,运用遗传算法对其进行优化,根据拍打机构中各个杆件之间的约束关系和杆长范围,编写了参数优化软件,最后得出的优化结果为:lCB=0.020m,lBA=0.205m,lOA=0.089m,lOE=0.060m,lEG=0.185m,lGI=0.164m。此时拍打板的最大角加速度为29.2rad/s2,两侧拍打板输出振幅为340.5mm,根据这个优化数据建立了空间连杆拍打机构的三维模型,将模型导入到ADAMS里面进行运动学和动力学仿真分析。4.根据拍打机构参数优化的结果,搭建了拍打机构试验台,并进行了田间拍土试验。试验结果表明:在调速电机转速为200r/min时,拍实的效果最好,此时沟渠侧面土壤硬度为1.1kg/cm2。
[Abstract]:The ridge cultivation method can increase the ground temperature, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and increase crop yield significantly, so it is widely used in the planting of sugar beet, rice, yam, sugarcane and other food crops and cash crops. Medium-tillage and soil culture is an important field management measure in the process of ridge crop growth. It can loosen soil, regulate soil moisture, promote the development of crop root system, thus improve the ability of crop to resist lodging and drainage ability of farmland. Achieve a bumper crop. In view of the existing problems of loose soil cultivation and no compaction of ridge surface in the working process of existing medium tillage and soil culturing machine, a new type of soil culture machine which can compaction the ridge and surface in progress is put forward in this paper. The beating mechanism uses a set of spatial linkage mechanism to drive two slapping plates to beat the ridge surface to achieve the purpose of compacting the soil. In this paper, the theoretical analysis and parameter optimization of the beating mechanism are mainly carried out. Finally, the test bench of the beating mechanism is built and the field soil clapping test is carried out to verify the soil clapping effect of the test bed. The main contents of the thesis are as follows: 1: 1. This paper introduces the working principle of the medium tillage and soil culturing machine, analyzes its beating mechanism theoretically, establishes the kinematics model of the beating mechanism, and compiles the computer aided analysis software based on the MATLAB GUI development platform. The interactive user interface is developed through the development of the interactive user interface. Can display the movement of the mechanism in real time. 2. The properties of soil were analyzed and the compaction mechanism of soil was introduced. Then the soil compaction test was carried out in the experimental field. According to the requirement of crop growth on soil hardness, when the soil hardness on the side of the ditch was 0.6kg/cm2, the compaction thickness was 20 mm, and the soil hardness was 1.0 kg / cm ~ (2.3) after compaction. Based on the kinematic model of the mechanism, the effects of the parameters of the bar length on the angular acceleration of the flapping plate and the output amplitude of the flapping plate are compared and analyzed. In order to find out the maximum angular acceleration of the moment of beating plate and soil, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize it. According to the constraint relation and the range of rod length of each member in the beating mechanism, the parameter optimization software is compiled. The result of optimization is: 0. 205mOA 0. 205mOA 0. 089mOE 0.060mEG 0.185mLGI 0.164m. the optimized results are as follows: 1: lCBN 0. 020m lBAA 0. 205m LOAA 0. 089mOE 0. 60mEG 0. The maximum angular acceleration of the slapping plate is 29.2rad-s2, and the output amplitude of the flapping plate is 340.5mm. According to the optimized data, the three-dimensional model of the spatial linkage beating mechanism is established, and the model is imported into the ADAMS for kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis .4. Based on the results of optimizing the parameters of beating mechanism, the test bench of beating mechanism was set up, and the field soil clapping test was carried out. The experimental results show that when the speed of the motor is 200r/min, the effect is the best, and the soil hardness is 1.1 kg 路cm ~ (2) 路cm ~ (2) on the side of the ditch.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224.1

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