川中丘陵区核桃—药材复合模式下土壤呼吸特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 13:25

本文选题：川中丘陵区 + 农林复合模式　；参考：《四川农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在全球变暖的背景下,陆地生态系统碳循环对大气CO2浓度变化起着举足轻重的作用,有关陆地生态系统土壤碳作用的研究越来越深入和细化。在丘陵地区,农林复合模式是实现粮食生产、保护环境、解决资源短缺和农林用地矛盾的重要方法。本实验以川中丘陵区几种核桃-药材复合模式为研究对象,探讨核桃-药材复合系统土壤呼吸的动态变化规律及其对温度和湿度的响应。为明确川中丘陵地区农林复合模式下土壤碳排放特征,深入评价农林复合系统生态效益提供理论依据；丰富不同土地利用方式对土壤呼吸的影响及其对陆地碳循环和碳平衡研究理论。从2014年1月开始,采用Li-8100 (Li-Cor inc .USA)对川中丘陵区4种农林复合模式的土壤呼吸进行定点观测,到2014年12月结束。4种模式分别为处理1(C)：核桃-川明参,处理2(J)：核桃-桔梗、处理3(H)：核桃-藿香以及对照处理(CK)：核桃纯林。研究不同模式土壤呼吸与土壤温度和湿度的变化关系；不同季节土壤呼吸24h昼夜动态；土壤三种水解酶(脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶)活性,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮以及有机质含量与土壤呼吸的关系。研究结果表明：川中丘陵区核桃-药材复合模式土壤年内碳排放量约为7.39 t·a-1·hm-2,对照较复合处理土壤碳排放量高,但差异不显著。川中丘陵区核桃-药材复合模式各处理土壤呼吸月动态变化呈先增后减趋势,核桃-川明参复合模式最大值出现在6月下旬,为3.49μmol·m-2·s-1;对照、核桃-桔梗和核桃-藿香处理土壤呼吸峰值出现在7月,分别为3.83μmol·m-2·s-1、 4.07μmol·m-2·s-1、 3.86 μmol·m-2·s-1。各处理低值都出现在1月,按(CK、C、J、H)顺序分别为：0.36 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.48μmol·m-2·s-1、0.57 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.32μmol·m-2·s-1。研究发现,土壤呼吸与15 cm处土壤温度呈极显著指数增长关系,几种复合模式在不同月份的土壤呼吸变化幅度存在差异可能是因3种药材不同的物候期所致。川中丘陵区几种核桃-药材复合模式各处理土壤呼吸Q10值在四季中表现为夏低冬高,最大Q10值为4.02,最小值为1.38,最大值约是最小值的3倍,且两者出现在对照处理中。核桃-药材复合种植降低了土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性,可能是药材植物根系直接或间接地缓冲了温度变化对土壤呼吸的直接影响。脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性从春季到冬季总体上呈先增后减趋势,三种酶活性在夏季最高,冬季最低；三种酶活性的最大值分别为0.0028 μmol·g-1·h-1、0.0082 μmol·g-1·h-1、0.02 μmol·g-1·h-1;最小值分别为0.0005 μmol·g-1·h-1、0.0003 μmol·g-1·h-1、0.0025 μmol·g-1·h-1。通过重复测量方差分析发现,脲酶和蔗糖酶处理间效应不显著,但季节效应、季节和处理间交互效应极显著；酸性磷酸酶活性处理间效应显著,且季节效应、季节和处理问交互效应极显著。土壤呼吸与土壤常见三种水解酶活性极显著相关；不同的核桃-药材复合模式对土壤三种水解酶活性无显著影响。在2014年4季中,只有冬季土壤微生物生物量碳含量极显著低于春夏秋三季；而各处理与对照土壤微生物生物量氮含量差异也不显著,夏季含量极显著高于其它三季。土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量与土壤呼吸呈指数增长关系,而有机质含量与土壤呼吸互为倒数关系,可能与研究区土壤养分含量较低有关。对比川中丘陵区核桃纯林与核桃-药材复合模式发现,核桃-药材复合模式对降低土壤碳排放有一定作用,但明确不同土地利用形式下土壤碳在大气碳循环中扮演的角色,还需开展更加全面和深入的量化研究。
[Abstract]:Under the background of global warming, the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystem plays an important role in the change of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The study of soil carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is becoming more and more in-depth and refined. In hilly areas, the agroforestry model is important for the realization of grain production, protection of the environment, the solution of the shortage of resources and the contradiction between agricultural and forestry land. Methods. In this experiment, the dynamic change law of soil respiration and the response to the temperature and humidity in the walnut herb compound system were studied in the hilly region of the hilly region of Sichuan Province. The characteristics of soil carbon emission under the agroforestry model in the hilly region of the hilly region of Sichuan Province and the ecological benefits of the agroforestry system were provided. The effect of different land use patterns on soil respiration and the theory of carbon cycle and carbon balance of land were enriched. From January 2014, Li-8100 (Li-Cor Inc.USA) was used to observe the soil respiration of 4 agroforestry models in the hilly region of central Sichuan Province. By the end of December 2014, the.4 models were treated as 1 (C), respectively. Walnut - Chuan Ming ginseng, treatment 2 (J): walnut - Platycodon, treatment 3 (H): walnut - patchouli and control treatment (CK): pure walnut forest. Study the relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature and humidity in different models; soil respiration 24h day and night dynamics in different seasons; soil three kinds of water hydrolysate (urease, invertase and phosphatase), soil microbial biomass The relationship between carbon, nitrogen and organic matter content and soil respiration was measured. The results showed that the annual carbon emission of the soil in the hilly region of Sichuan was about 7.39 t. A-1 hm-2. Compared with the compound treatment, the soil carbon emissions were higher, but the difference was not significant. The variation of the state changes first and then decrease. The maximum value of walnut Sichuan Ming ginseng composite model appeared in late June, 3.49 mol. M-2. S-1, and the peak value of soil respiration in the soil treated with walnut Platycodon and walnut Patchouli occurred in July, respectively, 3.83 mu. M-2. S-1, 4.07 Mu mol. M-2. S-1, 3.86 Mu mol. M-2 s-1.. The order of H) was as follows: 0.36 mol, m-2, s-1,0.48, m-2, s-1,0.57 Mu mol, m-2 s-1,0.32 Mu mol. The study found that soil respiration was significantly exponentially increased with the soil temperature of 15 places, and the variation of soil respiration in several different months in different months was probably due to the Phenophase of 3 different kinds of medicinal herbs The Q10 values of the soil respiration in the hilly region of the hilly area of the hilly region of Sichuan Province showed low winter high in the four seasons, the maximum Q10 value was 4.02, the minimum value was 1.38, the maximum value was about 3 times the minimum value, and both of them appeared in the control treatment. The compound planting of walnut medicinal herbs reduced the sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature, which may be the medicinal materials. Plant roots directly or indirectly buffered the direct effect of temperature change on soil respiration. The activity of urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase increased first and then decreased from spring to winter. The activity of three enzymes was the highest in summer and lowest in winter. The maximum of the activity of the three enzymes was 0.0028 Mu mol. G-1. H-1,0.0082, mol. G-1. H-1, 0.02 Mu mol. G-1. H-1; the minimum value was 0.0005 mol, g-1, h-1,0.0003, g-1, h-1,0.0025 Mu mol. G-1 h-1.. Through repeated measurements of variance analysis, it was found that the effect of urease and invertase treatment was not significant, but the seasonal effect, seasonal and interprocessing interaction effects were very significant; the effect of acid phosphatase activity treatment was significant and season. Effect, season and treatment interaction effect was very significant. Soil respiration was significantly correlated with three kinds of Soil Hydrolase Activity; different walnut medicinal compound patterns had no significant influence on soil three kinds of hydrolase activity. In the 4 quarter of 2014, only winter soil microbial biomass carbon content was significantly lower than that of spring, summer and autumn and three quarter. There was no significant difference in soil microbial biomass nitrogen content in soil and control. In summer, the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was increased exponentially with soil respiration, but the organic matter content and soil respiration were reciprocally reciprocal, which may be related to the lower soil nutrient content in the study area. The complex pattern of walnut pure forest and walnut crude drug found that the model of walnut medicine compound has some effect on reducing soil carbon emissions, but it is necessary to make a more comprehensive and in-depth quantitative study on the role of soil carbon in the atmosphere carbon cycle under different land use forms.

【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S664.1;S567

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