东北地区设施蔬菜根结线虫发生情况与种类鉴定研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 21:04

  本文选题：东北地区 + 设施蔬菜　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：根结线虫病是设施蔬菜上的重要病害之一。由于气候的变化和设施园艺的不断发展,使得农业生产上根结线虫发生的更为普遍。因此,本文对东北地区设施蔬菜根结线虫的发生情况、危害严重度及遗传背景分析进行了调查研究,结果如下:1.东北三省设施蔬菜根结线虫的分布和危害情况本文于2016年在东北三省的不同市、县共取样调查30个点,初步明确了东北地区温室蔬菜根结线虫的发生分布,在辽宁省大部分种植年限长的设施蔬菜区均有发生根结线虫,吉林省和黑龙江省只有两个地点发现蔬菜根结线虫的危害,一般发病率在65%以上,严重地区发病率均达到100%。其中,辽宁东南部的本溪市和营口市3个调查地点未发现根结线虫;辽宁北部的铁岭市和阜新市发病较轻(两市共采集4各样本,发病率为100%,病情指数为10-50)。辽西地区共调查17个地点,其中发病率为84%以上,发病严重的地点包括兴城市、锦州市太和区十里台村和河西村,绥中县、凌海市和朝阳市调查点根结线虫发病有轻有重,轻的病情指数仅为5-15,严重的达到75。辽宁省沈阳市、辽中区和新民市的蔬菜根结线虫发生严重,病情指数为75-100。蔬菜根结线虫的积年流行已经严重影响了蔬菜的生产和品质,但是结合有效的防治措施,可以将经济损失控制在一定范围之内。2.东北地区设施蔬菜根结线虫优势种群的鉴定对采自各地的根结线虫样本进行了常规的形态学鉴定,并且采用分子生物学手段对鉴定结果加以验证,明确目前东北地区设施蔬菜根结线虫优势种群均为南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne.incognita)。3.东北地区蔬菜根结线虫的遗传背景分析将东北地区所采集到的根结线虫样本与其他省市的标样进行了 ITS特异性序列的比对分析,根据系统发育进化树的关系得出:辽宁省的朝阳市、阜新市和绥中县的样本与山东省、江苏省和福建省的样本遗传距离较近,兴城市、凌海市和长春市的样本与北京市的样本遗传距离较近,大庆市和辽西地区的样本与山东省和广东省的样本遗传距离较近。
[Abstract]:Root-knot nematode disease is one of the most important diseases in vegetables. Because of the change of climate and the development of facility horticulture, root-knot nematodes are more common in agricultural production. Therefore, the occurrence, damage severity and genetic background analysis of vegetable root knot nematodes in Northeast China were investigated. The results are as follows: 1. Distribution and harm of vegetable root-knot nematode in three provinces of Northeast China in 2016, the occurrence and distribution of root-knot nematodes in greenhouse vegetables in Northeast China were preliminarily determined by sampling and investigating 30 points in different cities and counties in three provinces of Northeast China. Root knot nematodes were found in most of the vegetable and vegetable planting areas in Liaoning Province. In Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province, the harm of vegetable root knot nematodes was found in only two places. The general incidence rate was more than 65%, and the incidence rate in serious areas reached 100%. No root-knot nematode was found in three investigation sites of Benxi and Yingkou in southeastern Liaoning, and the incidence of root-knot nematode was relatively mild in Tieling and Fuxin in northern Liaoning (4 samples were collected from the two cities, the incidence rate was 100 and the disease index was 10-50). A total of 17 sites were investigated in western Liaoning, in which the incidence rate was over 84%. The sites with serious disease included Xingcheng, Shilitai Village and Hexi Village, Taihe District, Jinzhou City, Suizhong County, Linghai City and Chaoyang City. The mild disease index was only 5 to 15, with a severe rate of 75. 5%. The vegetable root knot nematodes in Shenyang, Liaozhong and Xinmin City of Liaoning Province are serious, and the disease index is 75-100. The annual prevalence of vegetable root knot nematodes has seriously affected the production and quality of vegetables, but combined with effective control measures, economic losses can be controlled within a certain range of .2. The identification of dominant population of vegetable root knot nematodes in Northeast China was carried out by routine morphological identification of samples collected from different parts of China, and the results were verified by molecular biological methods. The results showed that the dominant population of vegetable root knot nematodes in Northeast China was Meloidogyne.incognita.3. Genetic background Analysis of vegetable Root-knot nematodes in Northeast China ITS specific sequences were compared between the samples collected from Northeast China and other provinces and cities. According to the relationship of phylogenetic tree, it is concluded that the genetic distance of samples from Chaoyang, Fuxin and Suizhong counties in Liaoning Province is close to that of Shandong, Jiangsu and Fujian provinces. The genetic distance between the samples of Linghai City and Changchun is close to that of Beijing, and the genetic distance of samples from Daqing and western Liaoning is close to that of Shandong and Guangdong Province.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.3
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本文编号：1840064