绿针假单胞菌G5菌株对苦瓜和黄瓜枯萎病防治技术初探

发布时间：2018-05-08 02:06

本文选题：生物防治 + 苦瓜　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：瓜类枯萎病给瓜类生产造成巨大的经济损失,并且其防治十分困难。绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)G5菌株是一株具有生防功能的内生细菌。以绿针假单胞菌G5菌株为生防因子,进行苦瓜枯萎病和黄瓜枯萎病生物防治技术的初步研究。研究结果如下:1、通过平板对峙试验,绿针假单胞菌G5菌株对苦瓜枯萎病菌(F.oxysporum f.sp.momodicae)SG-15菌株和黄瓜枯萎病菌(F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)FOC菌株的菌丝具有明显拮抗作用,采用不同接种方法,G5菌株对SG-15菌株菌丝生长的抑制率达到60%以上;两点对峙法试验G5菌株对FOC菌株抑制率达到78.39%。2、利用绿针假单胞菌G5菌株对温室盆栽苦瓜枯萎病进行防治试验。G5菌株对苦瓜枯萎病幼苗防病效果达到31.32%;利用绿针假单胞菌G5菌株处理黄瓜幼苗,温室盆栽黄瓜枯萎病防病效果达到72.88%。3、利用绿针假单胞菌G5菌株处理黄瓜种子,48 h后测量黄瓜种子胚根长度,相对于空白对照处理,促生效果达到37.36%。再用绿针假单胞菌G5菌株处理发芽的黄瓜种子,播种40 d后,株高、茎粗、叶面积、干重、鲜重、壮苗指数均高于空白对照处理,并且G5菌株处理能使黄瓜叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量分别增加1.6%、4.8%、1.1%。4、进行绿针假单胞菌G5菌株与海藻肥复配对温室苦瓜幼苗的促生试验,单独施用海藻肥、单独施用生防菌、施用海藻肥与生防菌混合液三个处理的苦瓜苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、干重、鲜重、叶片数、壮苗指数均高于空白对照处理,且生防菌与海藻肥混合使用时试验效果最佳。5、单独施用海藻肥、单独施用生防菌、施用海藻肥与生防菌混合液三个处理,均能不同程度提高苦瓜产量,其中施用G5菌株与海藻肥的混合液处理效果最佳,产量显著高于对照处理,增产率达到43.70%。6、不同稀释倍数恶霉灵对苦瓜枯萎病菌的生长有抑制作用,随着稀释倍数增大,抑制效果下降。测量不同稀释倍数带毒平板中病原菌的直径,得到毒力回归方程为y=1.9926x+5.0178,相关系数为0.9915。温室盆栽条件下,绿针假单胞菌G5菌株与恶霉灵复配对苦瓜枯萎病和黄瓜枯萎病防治效果要高于单独使用化学药剂和生防菌剂,其中G5菌株与恶霉灵复配对苦瓜枯萎病防病效果达到75.64%,G5菌株与恶霉灵复配对黄瓜枯萎病防治效果达到90.16%。
[Abstract]:Fusarium wilt caused a huge economic loss to melon production, and its control is very difficult. Pseudomonas chlororaphis)G5 is an endophytic bacterium with biocontrol function. The biological control techniques of Fusarium wilt of Momordica charantia and Fusarium wilt of cucumber were studied. The results were as follows: 1. The results showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa G5 had a significant antagonistic effect on mycelium of F. oxysporum f.sp.momodicae)SG-15 and F. oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)FOC. The inhibition rate of G5 strain on the hyphal growth of SG-15 strain was more than 60% by different inoculation methods. The inhibition rate of G5 strain to FOC strain was 78.39.2.The control effect of G5 strain on Fusarium wilt of potted balsam charantia in greenhouse was tested by using G5 strain, and the control effect of G5 strain on balsam pear wilt seedling was 31.32%. Cucumber seedlings were treated with G5 strain. The control effect of cucumber wilt in greenhouse was 72.88. 3. The length of radicle of cucumber seeds was measured after 48 h treatment with Pseudomonas aeruginosa G5 strain. Compared with the control treatment, the growth-promoting effect was 37.36%. After 40 days of sowing, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight, fresh weight and seedling strength index were all higher than that of the control treatment. Moreover, the treatment of G5 strain could increase chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content of cucumber leaves by 1.6% and 4.8%, respectively. The experiment of combination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa G5 strain G5 and seaweed fertilizer to promote growth of Momordica charantia seedlings in greenhouse was carried out, and seaweed fertilizer was applied only. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight, fresh weight, leaf number and seedling strength index of Momordica charantia treated with algal fertilizer and mixed solution of algal fertilizer and biocontrol were higher than those of the control. The effect of biocontrol bacteria and algal fertilizer was the best. 5. The yield of Momordica charantia could be increased by applying algal fertilizer alone, applying biocontrol bacteria alone and applying mixed solution of algal fertilizer and biocontrol bacteria. The mixed solution of G5 strain and seaweed fertilizer had the best effect, and the yield was significantly higher than that of the control, and the yield increased to 43.70.6.The different dilution multiple of oxalatin inhibited the growth of balsam charantia wilt pathogen and increased with the dilution multiple. The inhibitory effect was decreased. The diameters of pathogenic bacteria in the plate with different dilution times were measured, and the virulence regression equation was obtained as YY 1.9926x 5.0178, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9915. In greenhouse pot culture, the effect of combination of Pseudomonas green G5 and oxalaxyl on Fusarium wilt of Momordica charantia and Cucumber wilt was higher than that of chemical and biocontrol agents alone. The control effect of G5 strain and oxalazine on Fusarium wilt of balsam pear was 75.64% and 90.16% respectively.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.42;S476

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