专用肥和壮秧剂对水稻生长发育和产量形成的影响

发布时间：2018-05-08 23:05

本文选题：水稻 + 专用肥　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：以杂交水稻“丰优293”为材料,试验研究了“稼好”牌秧保姆、穗穗欢、千斤顶三种水稻专用肥及秧保姆+穗穗欢水稻专用肥组合、秧保姆+穗穗欢+千斤顶水稻专用肥组合,对直播稻生长发育和产量形成的影响,为专用肥的配方改良、推广应用提供理论依据。采用杂交水稻“广两优558”为材料,试验考察了“稼好”牌新配方壮秧剂和一种对照壮秧剂的育秧效果,为新配方壮秧剂的配方改良和推广应用提供理论依据。以杂交水稻“广两优558”为材料,试验比较分析了“稼好”牌壮秧剂撒施在苗床中和混合在秧盘基质中两种施用方式的育秧效果,为壮秧剂的合理施用提供理论依据。初步得出以下结论:1.秧保姆促进了分蘖的发生,增加了高峰苗数,增加了单位面积穗数和颖花量,增加了千粒重,产量增加0.38t hm-2;秧保姆增加了分蘖期、拔节期和齐穗期叶绿素含量,增加了拔节期叶面积指数和各生育阶段光合势,增加了拔节期和成熟期干物质重,增加了播种至拔节期作物生长率;在显著提高直播稻群体光合物质生产能力的条件下,秧保姆使上部三片叶的长度减小,使倒二叶和倒三叶叶面积和干物质重明显减小;此外,秧保姆还增加了基部伸长节间茎粗和截面系数,使倒伏指数降低。在施用秧保姆的基础上,施加穗穗欢使单位面积穗数增加,产量增加0.56t hm-2;施加穗穗欢增加了抽穗至成熟期光合势,增加了成熟期干物质重;此外,施加穗穗欢减小了基部第一伸长节间长度和第二伸长节间长度,从而使株高和重心高度显著降低,第二伸长节间茎壁厚明显增加,使基部茎秆抗折力明显增加,倒伏指数降低。在本试验条件下千斤顶对直播稻产量和产量构成因素均没有表现出明显的影响,对直播稻抽穗后生长发育也没有表现出明显的影响。秧保姆和穗穗欢组合促进了直播稻的生长发育,表现出较好的增产效果,增产幅度达到11.97%。2.“稼好”牌新配方壮秧剂处理与对照壮秧剂处理相比每穗粒数和单位面积颖花量显著增加,产量增加0.82t hm-2,新配方壮秧剂使秧苗根数和白根数显著增加,根干物质重显著增加,发根能力显著增强,秧苗抛栽大田后表现出一定生长优势。施用壮秧剂的处理较不施壮秧剂的处理产量明显增加,秧苗素质得到提高,田间生长情况得到改善。3.壮秧剂两种施用方式之间产量及产量构成因素没有表现出明显的差异,秧苗素质相近,田间生长情况也比较一致。在本试验条件下将壮秧剂撒施在苗床中与将壮秧剂混合在秧盘基质中相比并不会降低秧苗素质、抛栽后田间生长指标和产量。初步验证将壮秧剂撒施在苗床中有一定的可行性,但还需进一步研究论证。
[Abstract]:Using the hybrid rice "Fengyou 293" as the material, this paper studied the combination of "Jiahao" brand seedling nanny, panicle jelly, jacks and rice special fertilizer combinations, and the rice special fertilizer combinations with the spikelet jacks of the seedling nannies, and the rice special fertilizer combinations with the spikelet jacks of the seedling nannies. The effects on the growth, development and yield formation of direct seeding rice provide theoretical basis for improving the formula of special fertilizer and popularizing and applying it. Using "Guangliangyou 558" hybrid rice as the material, the effects of "Jiahao" brand new formula seedling strengthening agent and a control seedling strengthening agent were investigated, which provided the theoretical basis for the formulation improvement and popularization and application of the new formula strong seedling agent. Based on "Guangliangyou 558" of hybrid rice, the effects of "Jiahao" brand strong seedling agent on seedling raising in seedling bed and mixed seedling tray substrate were compared and analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for the rational application of strong seedling agent. A preliminary conclusion is drawn as follows: 1. The seedling nanny promoted the occurrence of tillers, increased the number of peak seedlings, increased the number of spikelets and spikelets per unit area, increased 1000-grain weight, and increased the yield by 0.38t hm-2.The content of chlorophyll in seedling nanny increased at tillering stage, jointing stage and full heading stage. Leaf area index at jointing stage, photosynthesis potential at each growth stage, dry matter weight at jointing stage and maturity stage, crop growth rate from seeding to jointing stage were increased, and photosynthetic material production capacity of direct seeding rice population was significantly increased. The seedling nanny reduced the length of the upper three leaves, the area and dry matter weight of the top two leaves and the last three leaves, in addition, the seedling nanny increased the stem thickness and cross-section coefficient of the basal elongation Internode, which reduced the lodging index. On the basis of applying seedling nanny, the number of panicles per unit area was increased, the yield increased by 0.56 t hm-2, and the photosynthetic potential and dry matter weight increased from heading to maturity. The length of the first elongation Internode and the second elongation Internode were reduced by the application of panicle, so that the height of plant and the height of center of gravity decreased significantly, the wall thickness of the second elongation Internode increased obviously, the resistance of base stem increased obviously, and the lodging index decreased. Under the experimental conditions, Jack had no obvious effect on the yield and yield components of direct seeding rice, nor on the growth and development of direct seeding rice after heading. The combination of seedling nanny and panicle and Huanhuan promoted the growth and development of direct seeding rice, and showed a better effect of increasing yield, and the yield increased by 11.97.2. The number of spikelets per panicle and spikelet per unit area were significantly increased, the yield was increased by 0.82t hm-2, and the root number and white root number and root dry matter weight were significantly increased by the new formula seedling strengthening agent treatment compared with the control seedling strengthening agent treatment, and the grain number per panicle and spikelet per unit area were significantly increased, and the yield was increased by 0.82 t 路m ~ (-2). The ability of rooting was significantly enhanced, and the seedling growth advantage was shown after transplanting the seedlings in the field. The quality of seedling was improved and the growth of field was improved by using strong seedling agent as compared with the treatment without strong seedling agent. There was no significant difference in yield and yield components between the two application methods, and the seedling quality was similar and the field growth was the same. In this experiment, the seedling quality was not reduced by applying strong seedling agent in seedling bed and mixed with strong seedling agent in tray substrate, and the field growth index and yield were not decreased after throwing planting. It is proved that it is feasible to apply strong seedling agent in seedling bed, but it needs further study and demonstration.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511

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