45份柚类种质资源的评价与分析

发布时间：2018-05-10 12:36

本文选题：柚类 + 种质资源　；参考：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：柚子(Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck),芸香科柑橘亚科植物,在中国大约有3000多年的栽培历史,我国作为柑桔的起源与遗传变异中心,长期以来利用自然资源培育和创造了许多优异品种,丰富了柚类的种质资源。福建省地处中国东南沿海区域,其亚热带海洋性季风气候非常适合柚类生长,成为我国柚主产区省份之一。然而由于柚类型繁多、形态复杂、且易发生芽变,其模糊的遗传背景在一定程度上阻碍了柚类的育种进程。鉴于此,研究对分布在福建各地的柚类种质资源进行分析评价,为柚类的遗传进化、分类及种质资源的开发利用提供一定的科学理论基础。主要研究结果总结如下:1.柚子种质资源的植物学特征具有多样性,树形呈圆头形、椭圆形、伞形和不规则形;树势有强、中、弱;叶片形状有阔椭圆形、长椭圆形、倒卵形;叶尖有急尖、钝尖、渐尖和倒心形;叶缘有锯齿状和近全缘状;果实形状有梨形、圆球形、倒卵形;果肉有白肉、红肉、黄肉等。2.六月柚果实的成熟期相对于其它品种比较早,而台湾晚矮柚和四川晚矮柚果实的成熟期相对较晚,这可能与柚类本身所具有的特性或者是所处的地理位置有关。根据果实的不同成熟期,可以在生产上采取相应的措施,加大早熟或晚熟品种的种植比例,以延长早期市场的供应期,提高柚产业的经济效益。3.通过对柚类的化学成分,如可溶性糖、有机酸、VC、可溶性固形物的含量进行测定,得出45份柚类资源的有机酸的含量分布在0.33%～1.28%;可溶性固形物的含量分布在7.9%～12.1%;可溶性糖含量集中在5.8%～8.9%;维生素C含量集中在13.27mg/100g～53.58mg/100g。并综合外观内质筛选出3份具有优异性状的单株:黄肉蜜柚、红绵蜜柚、六月柚。4.采集柚子叶片并提取DNA,针对柚类富含的酚类和多糖物质采用改良CTAB法。实验结果表明,所提取的DNA在浓度和纯度上均满足后续扩增需求,研究初步建立了柚类的扩增反应体系:在终体积为20μL的反应体系中,基因组DNA模板为20 ng、dNTPs为0.25 mmol/L、Primer为0.25μmol/L、Taq酶为0.5U、10×Buffer为3μL,其余用ddH20补充。5.从100条引物中筛选出15条引物并对45份柚类种质资源进行PCR扩增,共扩增出清晰谱带159条,其中多态性谱带有144条,多态性比率为90.57%,45份柚类种质的相似系数在0.50～0.92之间。分析结果充分揭示了福建45份柚类种质的遗传多样性。为以后更有效率的育种、引种奠定理论基础。6.对柚类新品种的选育、辐射诱变育种及杂交育种等方面的利用前景做出评价,通过比较,以期可以筛选出一些优质并适宜在福建周边地区种植的品种。
[Abstract]:Citrus grandisus L.Osbeckus, a subfamily of Rutaceae, has been cultivated for more than 3000 years in China. As the center of citrus origin and genetic variation, China has used natural resources for a long time to cultivate and create many excellent varieties. It enriches germplasm resources of pummelo. Fujian Province is located in the southeast coastal area of China, its subtropical oceanic monsoon climate is very suitable for pummelo growth, and has become one of the major provinces of pummelo production in China. However, due to the variety of pomelo types, complex morphology, and prone to sprouts, its fuzzy genetic background hinders the breeding process of pummelo to some extent. In view of this, the germplasm resources of pummelo distributed all over Fujian Province were analyzed and evaluated, which provided a scientific and theoretical basis for the genetic evolution, classification and development of germplasm resources of pummelo. The main results are summarized as follows: 1: 1. The botanical characteristics of grapefruit germplasm resources are diverse. The tree is rounded, elliptic, umbrella and irregular. The tree is strong, medium and weak. The leaf has broad ellipse, long ellipse, obovate, sharp tip and blunt tip. Acuminate and obcordate; blade serrated and subentire; fruit pear-shaped, globose, Obovate; flesh white, red, yellow, etc. The ripening period of June pomelo fruit is earlier than that of other varieties, while that of Taiwan and Sichuan fruit is relatively late, which may be related to the characteristics or geographical location of pummelo. According to the different ripening period of fruit, we can take corresponding measures in production, increase the planting proportion of early or late mature varieties, so as to prolong the supply period of early market and improve the economic benefit of pomelo industry .3. The chemical constituents of grapefruit, such as soluble sugar, organic acid VC and soluble solids, were determined. The results showed that the content of organic acids in 45 grapefruit resources was 0.33 ~ 1.28; the content of soluble solids was 7.90.12. 1; the content of soluble sugar was 8.9. the content of vitamin C was 13.27 mg / 100 mg / 100g. And three single plants with excellent characters were screened out by synthesizing the appearance endoplasm: yellow flesh nectar pomelo red cotton pomelo June pomelo .4. Grapefruit leaves were collected and DNAs were extracted. The modified CTAB method was used to extract phenols and polysaccharides from grapefruit. The results showed that the concentration and purity of the extracted DNA could meet the requirements of subsequent amplification. The amplification reaction system of pummelo was preliminarily established: in the reaction system with final volume of 20 渭 L, The genomic DNA template was 20 ng / L NTPs = 0.25 mmol / L primer = 0.25 渭 mol / L Taq enzyme, 0.5 U / L 10 脳 Buffer = 3 渭 L, and the rest was supplemented with ddH20. Fifteen primers were screened out of 100 primers and 45 pummelo germplasm resources were amplified by PCR. A total of 159 distinct bands were amplified, of which 144 were polymorphic bands, and the similarity coefficient of 45 pummelo germplasm was 90.57 and 0.500.92. The results revealed the genetic diversity of 45 pummelo germplasm in Fujian Province. For the future more efficient breeding, introduction laid a theoretical foundation. 6. The utilization prospects of new varieties of pomelo such as breeding, radiation mutation breeding and hybrid breeding were evaluated. By comparison, some varieties with high quality and suitable for planting in the surrounding areas of Fujian were selected.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S666.3

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