家蚕丝、野桑蚕丝及琥珀蚕丝的结构和性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 20:39

本文选题：家蚕丝 + 野桑蚕丝　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国野蚕资源丰富,是世界上最早利用野蚕资源的国家。野桑蚕是家蚕的祖先种,经过长期的自然选择,形成了不同的地理种群。将家蚕和野桑蚕进行杂交,获得含有野桑蚕血缘的黄色家蚕丝。琥珀蚕丝具有天然色泽,吸湿性能和力学性能十分优异。对纤维资源进行基础性研究是其得以广泛应用的重要前提,但目前对野桑蚕资源主要是关于生物学方面的研究,很少涉及纤维结构与性能方面。琥珀蚕丝由于材料不易获取,主要是印度在开发利用。野桑蚕丝和琥珀蚕丝都是珍贵的野蚕丝资源。为更好地开发利用这些珍贵的绿色资源,本文以家蚕丝、带有野桑蚕血缘的家蚕丝、野桑蚕丝以及琥珀蚕丝作为研究对象。对比分析了这四种蚕丝的外观形貌、聚集态结构、热性能、力学性能。同时还研究了化学试剂处理、热老化处理对黄色家蚕丝、野桑蚕丝以及琥珀蚕丝的聚集态结构、热性能、力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)琥珀蚕茧形状不规则,缫丝困难。桑蚕丝(家蚕丝、黄色家蚕丝及野桑蚕丝)的甘氨酸含量比丙氨酸高,琥珀蚕丝正好相反。家蚕丝的含胶率最高,琥珀蚕丝最低,但吸湿性能优异,天然色泽同时存在于丝胶和丝素中。(2)四种蚕丝的聚集态结构都是以β-折叠结构为主,同时还含有α-螺旋结构和无规卷曲结构。琥珀蚕丝具有草酸钙晶体吸收峰,这与扫描电镜观察的结果一致。桑蚕丝和琥珀蚕丝的丝蛋白一级结构差异大,相应的晶态结构也不同。其中桑蚕丝具有聚丙-甘氨酸序列吸收峰,琥珀蚕丝具有聚丙氨酸序列吸收峰,结晶度最高。(3)琥珀蚕丝的热稳定性最好,热分解温度为378.4℃。家蚕丝和黄色家蚕丝及野桑蚕丝的热稳定性比较接近,热降解过程也比较相似。野桑蚕丝最细,琥珀蚕丝最粗。黄色家蚕丝断裂强度最高,家蚕丝最低。琥珀蚕丝强度高,断裂伸长率和初始模量最好,表明琥珀蚕丝兼具强而柔韧的特点。(4)随着酸处理条件的加强,蚕丝的结晶度先增加后降低。黄色家蚕丝和野桑蚕丝的热降解温度先升高后降低,琥珀蚕丝的热稳定性基本不变。酸处理后蚕丝的断裂强度逐渐降低,断裂伸长先增加后降低,高温高浓度强酸对蚕丝力学性能影响极显著。(5)碱处理后黄色家蚕丝、野桑蚕丝及琥珀蚕丝的结晶种类未发生改变,热稳定性大致呈现降低趋势。随着处理条件的加强,黄色家蚕丝和野桑蚕丝的结晶度逐渐降低。碱液浓度和温度对黄色家蚕丝和野桑蚕丝的强度有极显著影响。相对于碱液浓度,温度对琥珀蚕丝的破坏作用更大。(6)氧化剂处理对蚕丝的结晶度和热稳定性影响较小。处理温度升高,漂白作用增强。琥珀蚕丝可在60℃下被漂白,黄色家蚕丝和野桑蚕丝要在80℃下才被完全漂白。高温高浓度氧化剂处理后,黄色家蚕丝和野桑蚕丝的强度保持率在80%以上,琥珀蚕丝在90%以上。(7)钙盐处理后,黄色家蚕丝和野桑蚕丝的结晶度与热分解温度都是先升高后降低。琥珀蚕丝的钙盐溶失率最小,结晶结构和热稳定性基本不变。钙盐处理时间对琥珀蚕丝的强度影响不显著,对黄色家蚕丝和野桑蚕丝的断裂强度和断裂伸长有极显著影响。(8)随着热处理条件的加强,蚕丝的结晶度先增加后降低,热稳定性逐渐降低。100℃热处理对蚕丝的聚集态结构影响较小,150℃热处理对蚕丝拉伸性能影响极显著。200℃处理后,黄色家蚕丝和野桑蚕丝的晶态结构发生显著变化,结晶种类减少。热处理5d后热降解温度分别降低20℃和15℃。200℃连续热处理使蚕丝脆化和硬化,力学性能无法测试。综上可知,琥珀蚕丝性能更加优异,化学试剂的耐受性和耐热性能最好,黄色家蚕丝和野桑蚕丝对化学试剂和热处理的耐受性能基本一致。本研究表明,驯化选择对桑蚕丝的结构和性能并未产生明显的影响,而杂交育种对桑蚕丝部分性能具有提高;琥珀蚕丝具有独特的结构和性能,具有重要的开发前景。
[Abstract]:The wild silkworm is the first country in the world to use the wild silkworm resources. The wild silkworm is the ancestral species of the silkworm. After a long period of natural selection, different geographical populations have been formed. The silkworm and wild mulberry silkworm are hybridized to obtain the yellow silk silk containing the blood of the wild mulberry silkworm. The amber silk has the natural color, the hygroscopic property and the mechanical property. Very excellent. Basic research on fiber resources is an important prerequisite for its extensive application, but at present, the main resources of the wild silkworm resources are biological research, rarely involved in fiber structure and performance. Amber silk is not easy to obtain, mainly in India. Wild mulberry silk and amber silk are all used. Precious wild silkworm resources. In order to develop and utilize these precious green resources better, the family silkworm silk, family silkworm silk with wild mulberry silkworm, wild mulberry silk and amber silk are studied in this paper. The appearance, aggregation structure, thermal performance and mechanical properties of these four kinds of silk are compared and analyzed, and the chemical reagents are also studied. The effects of heat aging on the aggregation structure, thermal performance and mechanical properties of yellow silk silk, wild mulberry silk and amber silk were studied. The results showed that: (1) the shape of amber cocoon was irregular and silk reeling was difficult. The content of glycine in mulberry silk (silk, yellow silk and wild mulberry silk) was higher than that of alanine, and the silkworm silk was the opposite. Silkworm silkworm silkworm silkworm silkworm The silk has the highest adhesive rate, the amber silk is the lowest, but the hygroscopic property is excellent, the natural color is also in sericin and silk fibroin. (2) the aggregation structure of the four silkworm silk is mainly based on the beta folding structure, and also contains the alpha helix structure and the random curl structure. The silk protein of mulberry silk and amber silk have great difference in the first grade structure, and the corresponding crystal structure is different. The mulberry silk has the polypropyl glycine absorption peak, the amber silk has the polyalanine sequence absorption peak and the highest crystallinity. (3) the thermal stability of amber silk is best, the thermal decomposition temperature is 378.4. The thermal stability of silkworm silk and wild mulberry silk is close, and the thermal degradation process is similar. The silkworm silk is the finest and the amber silk is the thickest. The yellow silk silk silk has the highest breaking strength, the silkworm silk is the lowest. The amber silk strength is high, the elongation and the initial modulus are the best, indicating that the amber silk has the strong and flexible characteristics. (4) along with the acid treatment condition The thermal degradation temperature of the yellow silk and wild mulberry silk was increased first and then decreased, and the thermal stability of the amber silk was basically unchanged. The fracture strength of silk was gradually reduced after acid treatment, the elongation at break first increased and then decreased, and the high temperature and high concentration of strong acid had a very significant effect on the mechanical properties of silk. (5) alkali The crystalline types of the yellow family silkworm silk and the amber silk were not changed, and the thermal stability was generally reduced. With the strengthening of the treatment conditions, the crystallinity of the yellow silk silk and the wild mulberry silk was gradually reduced. The concentration and temperature of the alkaline solution had a significant influence on the strength of the yellow silk silk and the wild mulberry silk. Concentration and temperature have greater damage to the amber silk. (6) the effect of oxidant treatment on the crystallinity and thermal stability of silk is less. The treatment temperature increases and the bleaching effect is enhanced. The amber silk can be bleached at 60 C, yellow silk and wild mulberry silk will be completely bleached at 80 degrees centigrade. After high temperature and high concentration oxidizer treatment, yellow house The strength retention rate of silk and wild mulberry silk is above 80%, and the amber silk is above 90%. (7) after calcium salt treatment, the crystallinity and thermal decomposition temperature of yellow silk and wild mulberry silk are increased first and then decreased. The calcium salt dissolubility of amber silk is the smallest, and the crystalline structure and thermal stability are basically unchanged. The calcium salt treatment time is strong on the amber silk. There is no significant influence on the fracture strength and elongation of the yellow silk silk and the wild mulberry silk. (8) with the strengthening of the heat treatment conditions, the crystallinity of silkworm silk increases first and then decreases, the thermal stability gradually decreases at.100 C and has little influence on the aggregate structure of silk, and the heat treatment at 150 C has a great influence on the tensile properties of silkworm silk. The crystalline structure of Yellow Silkworm Silk and wild mulberry silk was significantly changed after treatment at.200 C, and the type of crystal was reduced. The thermal degradation temperature after 5D was reduced by 20 and 15 C.200 centigrade respectively, the silk crisp and hardened, and the mechanical properties could not be tested. The performance of the yellow silk and wild mulberry silk was the same as that of the chemical reagents and heat treatment. This study showed that the domestication selection had no obvious influence on the structure and performance of mulberry silk, and the hybrid breeding had improved the properties of the mulberry silk, and the amber silk had unique structure and properties. An important development prospect.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S881.2

【参考文献】