基于形态学和SSR标记的辣椒遗传多样性分析

发布时间：2018-05-10 23:00

本文选题：辣椒植物学性状 + SSR　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：辣椒在世界范围内蔬菜作物中担当着重要角色,它的用途十分广泛。本研究调查分析了辣椒的26个表型性状,从基于已经测序的辣椒基因组序列设计的152对SSR引物中筛选出来分布在辣椒12对不同染色体上的22对多态性SSR标记,用于271份辣椒遗传多样性分析,并将筛选出来的多态性引物用于34份朝天椒的遗传多样性研究,最后对所有的辣椒进行抗疫病鉴定和分级分析,以期为辣椒杂交种的选育、种质资源的保护、亲缘关系的研究和抗疫病育种提供理论基础。得到的研究结果如下:1.表型性状的多样性研究:遗传多样性指数在叶片长这项上计算出最大值,在果面光泽这项上计算出最小值;变异系数在单果重这项上计算出最大值,在分枝类型这项上计算出最小值;通过对辣椒各个性状之间的相关性分析,有8个成分占据主导地位,它们对辣椒性状的影响达到69.99%;根据辣椒之间表型性状上的差异,在遗传距离为5时,271份辣椒聚类之后被划分为5大类。2.辣椒遗传多样性研究:最终从设计的152对引物中选取出22对能扩增出两条以上的、重复性好的、清晰、明亮的SSR引物作为最终引物,被用来分析辣椒的遗传多样性。这22对引物能够扩增位于不同位置的差异带共59条,每对引物扩增出来的差异带范围是2~4,均值为2.68;多态信息含量值为0.03-0.63,均值为0.38;有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.03-3.17,均值为1.88;观测杂合度(Ho)为0-0.96,均值为0.12;期望杂合度(He)为0.03-0.70,均值为0.42、香农指数(Shannon-Weaver)(I)为0.08-1.24,均值为0.68。将读胶结果借助于DPS7.05软件进行处理得到辣椒种质的聚类图,在遗传距离为0.57处,271份辣椒种质被分为2大类,在遗传距离为0.46处,271份辣椒种质被分为5大类。3.基于SSR标记的朝天椒遗传多样性分析:利用筛选出的多态性引物,对34份朝天椒进行遗传多样性研究,计算多态信息含量(PIC)均值为0.37;香农指数(Shannon-Weaver)(I)的均值为0.72;有效等位基因数(Ne)的均值为1.90;观测杂合度(Ho)以及期望杂合度(He)的均值分别为0.20、0.44;将读胶结果借助于NTSYS-pc 2.10e软件进行处理得到朝天椒种质的聚类图,分析结果得到34份朝天椒在遗传相似系数0.69处被分为6类。4.辣椒抗疫霉菌的鉴定和分级研究:辣椒抗疫霉菌的结果按照病情指数由低到高排列。最终271份辣椒资源被分为4类,其中高抗(HR)类材料7份,包括202-P296、234-P295-2、164-PSY72、157-P70-4、133-P32-27、28-PJ56和95-P56-1,计算的病情指数数值在0.00~10.00范围内变化,平均值为6.27;抗病(R)类材料共有69份,计算的病情指数数值在11.43~30.00范围内变化,平均值为23.65;中抗(MR)类材料133份,其病情指数数值在30.48~50.00范围内变化,平均值为40.21;感病(S)类材料62份,其病情指数数值在50.59~80.00范围内变化,平均值为59.73。
[Abstract]:Pepper plays an important role in vegetable crops all over the world and is widely used. In this study, 26 phenotypic traits of capsicum were investigated, and 22 pairs of polymorphic SSR markers were screened from 152 pairs of SSR primers designed based on the genomic sequence of capsicum (Capsicum capsicum), which were distributed on 12 pairs of different chromosomes in capsicum. It was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 271 pepper samples, and the polymorphic primers were used to study the genetic diversity of 34 pepper samples. Finally, all pepper varieties were identified and classified for the breeding of pepper hybrids. The protection of germplasm resources, the study of phylogenetic relationship and the breeding of resistance to epidemic disease provide theoretical basis. The results are as follows: 1: 1. Diversity of phenotypic traits: the genetic diversity index calculates the maximum value on leaf length, the minimum value on fruit sheen, and the coefficient of variation on single fruit weight. The minimum value was calculated on the branching type; through the correlation analysis of the various characters of pepper, eight components were dominant, and their influence on the characters of capsicum reached 69.99. According to the differences of phenotypic characters between capsicum, The genetic distance of 271 capsicum samples was divided into 5 groups. 2. Studies on genetic Diversity of Capsicum: 22 pairs of primers were selected from 152 pairs of primers designed to amplify more than two SSR primers with good reproducibility, clarity and brightness, which were used to analyze the genetic diversity of capsicum (Capsicum capsicum). The 22 pairs of primers were able to amplify 59 differentially located bands. The range of difference bands amplified by each pair of primers was 2.68; the polymorphic information content was 0.03-0.63, the mean was 0.38; the effective allele number was 1.03-3.17, the mean was 1.88; the observed heterozygosity was 0-0.96 and the mean value was 0.12; the expected heterozygosity Hewas 0.03-0.70, and the mean value was 0.88. The Shannon index (Shannon-Weaver I) was 0.08-1.24 with an average of 0.68. The results of gel reading were processed by DPS7.05 software to obtain the cluster map of pepper germplasm. 271 pepper germplasm with genetic distance of 0.57 were divided into two categories, and 271 pepper germplasm with genetic distance of 0.46 were divided into 5 categories. 3. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Chinese Pepper based on SSR Marker: using polymorphic primers, 34 samples of Zanthoxylum capsicum were studied. The mean value of calculated polymorphic information content (NTSYS-pc) is 0.37; Shannon index Shannon-Weaveri is 0.72; the effective allele number is 1.90; the mean of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity are 0.20 and 0.44; the results of gel reading are introduced by NTSYS-pc 2.10e software, respectively, and the mean value of calculated polymorphic information content is 0.37; the mean value of Shannon-Weaver index is 0.72; the mean of effective allele number is 1.90; the mean of observed heterozygosity is 0.20; and the expected heterozygosity is 0.44. The cluster map of Chao Tian pepper germplasm was obtained by row treatment. The results showed that 34 samples of Zanthoxylum officinalis were classified into 6 classes at 0.69 genetic similarity coefficient. Identification and grading of Phytophthora capsici: the results of Phytophthora capsicum were ranked from low to high according to the disease index. The final 271 capsicum resources were classified into 4 groups, of which 7 were of high resistance to chilli (202-P296234-P295-2164-PSY72157-P70-4133-P32-2728-PJ56 and 95-P56-1). The calculated disease index values varied from 0.0010.00 to an average of 6.27. The calculated disease index values varied in the range of 11.43 ~ 30.00, with an average of 23.65; 133 materials with a mean of 40.21 in the range of 30.48 ~ 50.00; and 62 samples with a disease index of 50.59 ~ 80.00. The average value is 59.73.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S641.3

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