氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉对烟蚜的亚致死效应研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 19:20

本文选题：氰虫酰胺 + 烟蚜　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：烟蚜(Myzus persicae)是重要的农业害虫,在全世界范围内严重危害多种作物,并给农业生产造成严重的经济损失。该虫具有繁殖能力强、世代周期短等生物学特性,长期采用化学手段进行防治,导致了突出的“3R”问题。因此,减少化学药剂的使用量势在必行。氰虫酰胺(Cyantraniliprole)是一种最近被报道的对蚜虫有很好防治效果的新药,属于第二代新型邻氨基苯甲酰胺类杀虫剂,具有内吸性、无交互抗性等优点。吡虫啉(Imidacloprid)作为一种中国烟叶公司防治烟蚜的推荐化学药剂,具有内吸性强、低毒、不易产生抗性等优点,其作用机制为昆虫在接触药剂后中枢神经传导受阻最终死亡。本文以烟蚜为研究对象,从取食行为、生化水平和种群水平研究了亚致死浓度氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉对烟蚜的影响,并探索了亚致死浓度氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉对烟蚜天敌烟蚜茧蜂的影响,以期为合理使用化学药剂和协调化学防治与生物防治提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1.测定了氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉对烟蚜雌成虫的室内毒力,得到了亚致死浓度。利用EPG技术探索了亚致死浓度氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉对烟蚜取食行为的影响。利用浸叶法测得氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉处理烟蚜48 h后的LC30分别为4.933 mg/L和0.541mg/L。利用EPG技术对烟蚜在亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉处理后的烟株上取食行为进行了研究,连续记录6 h的EPG波形表明,经两种亚致死浓度药剂处理后,烟蚜能够到达韧皮部进行取食行为的比例降低,口针需要更长的刺探时间才能到达韧皮部进行取食活动,且取食时间显著减少。2.探索了亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉对烟蚜体内乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和多功能氧化酶的影响。研究了供试药剂亚致死浓度对烟蚜体内主要酶系的影响。结果表明,亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺处理后,AChE比活力在24 h时显著高于亚致死浓度的吡虫啉处理和对照,其激活率达到最大值148.99%;亚致死浓度的吡虫啉处理后,AChE比活力在48 h时达到最高,其激活率也达到最大值155.16%。亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺处理后,GST比活力在16 h时显著高于亚致死浓度的吡虫啉处理和对照,其激活率也达到最大值233.84%;亚致死浓度的吡虫啉处理后GSTs比活力在48 h时达到最高,而其激活率在16 h时达到最大值78.89%。亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺处理后,MFO比活力在36 h时显著高于亚致死浓度的吡虫啉处理和对照,其激活率同样达到最大值34.12%;亚致死浓度的吡虫啉处理后,MFO比活力在处理后48 h达到最高,而其激活率却在24 h时达到最大值87.69%。3.探索了亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉对烟蚜生命表参数的影响。利用两性生命表技术研究了亚致死浓度氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉对烟蚜F1代种群水平的影响。结果表明,亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉处理后,F1代若蚜的发育历期长于对照,F1代的繁殖力显著高于对照。亚致死浓度的吡虫啉处理后,雌虫的寿命、预产仔期和总产仔期分别为0.70 d和5.95 d,都显著长于氰虫酰胺处理和对照。用亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺处理后,内禀增长率和周限增长率分别为0.4542和1.5749,都显著高于对照,而吡虫啉处理后,分别为0.3878和1.4738,都显著低于对照。亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺处理后,净增殖率为50.75,显著高于吡虫啉处理(38.45)和对照(37.85)。亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺处理后平均世代历期为8.65d,显著低于吡虫啉处理,但显著高于清水对照。4.测定了亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉对烟蚜茧蜂的影响。通过室内研究亚致死浓度的氰虫酰胺和吡虫啉对烟蚜茧蜂的一系列直接和间接影响,试验结果表明,两种药剂对烟蚜茧蜂的寄生行为、生长发育都会产生负面影响,而且吡虫啉的影响比氰虫酰胺的影响更大。
[Abstract]:Myzus persicae, an important agricultural pest, seriously endangering a variety of crops worldwide and causing serious economic losses to agricultural production. The insect has a strong reproductive capacity, short generation cycle and other biological characteristics. It has been controlled by chemical means for a long time, leading to a prominent "3R" problem. Therefore, reducing chemical agents The amount of use is imperative. Cyanamide (Cyantraniliprole) is a newly reported new drug that has a good control effect on aphids. It belongs to the second generation of new Aminobenzamide insecticides, which has the advantages of internal absorption and non interaction resistance. Imidacloprid (Imidacloprid) is used as a recommended chemical for the control of aphid in Chinese tobacco company. The agent has the advantages of strong internal absorbability, low toxicity, and not easy to produce resistance. Its mechanism is that the central nerve conduction of the insect is hindered eventually after the insect is exposed. In this paper, the effects of sublethal concentration of cyanamidamide and imidacloprid to the aphid were studied from the feeding behavior, biochemical level and population level, and the sublethal effect was explored. The effects of the concentration of cyanamide and imidacloprid on the aphis Aphis persicae were expected to provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of chemical agents and to coordinate chemical control and biological control. The main results were as follows: 1. the indoor toxicity of cyanamide and imidacloprid to the female adult aphid was measured and the sublethal concentration was obtained. The use of EPG technology was explored. The effects of sublethal concentration of cyanamidamide and imidacloprid on the feeding behavior of aphid. The LC30 of cyanimamide and imidacloprid treated by imidacloprid treated aphid 48 h was 4.933 mg/L and 0.541mg/L., respectively, using EPG technology to study the feeding behavior of aphid on the sublethal concentration of cyanetamide and imidacloprid treated tobacco plants. The EPG waveform of recording 6 h showed that after two sublethal doses, the aphid could reach the phloem, the proportion of feeding behavior decreased, and the mouth needle needed longer spying time to reach the phloem for feeding activities, and the time of feeding reduced by.2. to explore the sublethal concentration of cyanacamide and imidacloprid in the body of aphid. The effect of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S- transferase and multifunction oxidase. The effect of sublethal concentration on the main enzymes in the body of aphid was studied. The results showed that the sublethal concentration of AChE was significantly higher than the sublethal imidacloprid treatment and control at 24 h, and the activation rate reached the most. Large value 148.99%; after treatment with sublethal imidacloprid, the AChE ratio reached the highest when the activity was 48 h, and its activation rate reached the maximum value of 155.16%. sublethal concentration of cyanacamide, and the activity of GST was significantly higher than that of sublethal imidacloprid treatment and control at 16 h, and its activation rate reached to the maximum value of 233.84%; sublethal concentration. After imidacloprid treatment, the GSTs specific activity reached the highest at 48 h, while the activation rate reached the maximum 78.89%. sublethal concentration of cyanacamide at 16 h, and MFO was significantly higher than the sublethal imidacloprid treatment and control when the activity was 36 h, and its activation rate reached the maximum value of 34.12%; after the sublethal imidacloprid treatment, MFO The activity was highest at 48 h after treatment, and the activation rate reached the maximum value at 24 h. The effect of sublethal concentration of cyanacamide and imidacloprid on the life table parameters of aphid was explored. The effects of sublethal concentration of cyanamidamide and imidacloprid on the F1 generation level of aphid were studied by the amphoteric life table technique. The results showed that the effect of the sublethal concentration of cyanamidamide and imidacloprid on the level of the aphid population of aphid After treatment with sublethal concentration of cyanacamide and imidacloprid, the developmental duration of the F1 generation aphids was longer than that of the control, and the fecundity of the F1 generation was significantly higher than that of the control. After the treatment of sublethal imidacloprid, the life span of the female was 0.70 D and 5.95 D, respectively, which were significantly longer than the cyanamide treatment and control. After treatment, the intrinsic growth rate and the circumferential growth rate were 0.4542 and 1.5749, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control, while imidacloprid treatment was 0.3878 and 1.4738, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control. The net proliferation rate of the sublethal concentration of cyanamide was 50.75, significantly higher than the imidacloprid treatment (38.45) and the control (37.85). The average generation period after treatment with cyanamide was 8.65d, significantly lower than imidacloprid treatment, but the effect of sublethal concentration of cyanacamide and imidacloprid to aphid wasps was significantly higher than that of the water control.4.. A series of direct and indirect effects of sublethal concentration of cyanacamide and imidacloprid on Aphis Aphis were tested indoors. The results showed that the two insecticides had a negative effect on the parasitic behavior and growth of the aphis, and the effect of imidacloprid was greater than that of cyanamide.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S433.39;S482.3

【参考文献】