长白山天然林区林木鼠害调查与防治技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 02:11

本文选题：长白山天然林区 + 鼠害　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：长白山天然林区是我国东北林区重要的红松种源基地。近年来当地鼠害严重威胁红松、椴树、假色槭等重要经济林木的生长,迫切需要科学、严谨地鼠害发生机理研究,并研制一套系统的鼠害治理技术规范。2015~2016年春季(4-6月份)至秋季(9-10月份),在吉林省长白山国家级自然保护区,依据林型设置阔叶林、针阔混交、针叶林、暗针叶林和岳桦林等五种监测样地。采取抽取样方法调查了不同海拔林型危害的树种和部位,通过设置标准样方,对长白山天然林鼠类组成与种群密度进行了调查,且在危害林型采集了具有代表性的林木树皮,从营养学角度探讨了害鼠对林木的危害机制,并比较了笼捕法和陷阱法对林区害鼠的捕获效果,并开展了林区害鼠防治技术研究。论文的主要结果如下:1)长白山天然林区鼠类对林木的危害调查。2015~2016年抽取样方调查长白山天然林鼠害,调查结果:(1)长白山天然林鼠害发生在针阔混交林(63.5株/hm2,两年均值),其它林型未有鼠害,发生时间上集中在冬季下雪后至次年早春雪融化前时期;(2)鼠类危害的经济林木主要有椴树(Tilia tuan)、假色槭(Acer pseudosieboldianum)以及红松(Pinus koraiensis)等。危害的林木部位集中在基部和地面裸露根部;(3)危害程度上,基部危害(11690.495 cm2/hm2,两年均值)大于根部(6088.82 cm2/hm2,两年均值),其中红松基部椴树基部假色槭基部,红松根部椴树根部假色槭根部。2)长白山天然林区鼠类组成与种群数量调查。围绕鼠害发生林型以及相邻林型,抽取标准样方展开鼠类调查。结果:(1)两年共捕获鼠类104只,其中棕背?(Myodes rufocanus)48.08%,大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)28.85%,红背?(M.rutilus)19.23%,花鼠(Eutamias sibiricus)3.85%;(2)时间和空间上捕获量变化较大。2015年捕获量为2016年的4.2倍。整体上看,针阔混交林针叶林阔叶林;(3)结合危害情况,2015年在针阔混交林鼠类捕获量是2016年的9倍,危害程度与捕获量显著相关。3)长白山天然林区害鼠对林木危害的机制。通过2015年秋季至2016年春季鼠类去除实验控制,结合室内饲喂实验,结果:(1)对照组林木危害率为3.87%,?移除为0.66%,全部移除组为0.00%,其中?移除组林木危害率比对照组降低了87.21%,全部移除组降低了100%;(2)棕背?和红背?是针阔混交林区的主要害鼠。(3)林木相对危害程度与树皮中营养物质的能量值不相关。4)长白山天然林区害鼠防治技术研究。2015年在危害林型(针阔混交林),采用笼捕(7*7=49)和陷阱(3*3=9)分别对害鼠进行调查,检验2种方法对捕获害鼠(特别是?类)的效率。结果表明:(1)笼捕法捕获鼠类3种共37只,其中棕背?51.35%、大林姬鼠29.73%、红背?18.92%;(2)陷阱技术捕获鼠类3种共106只,其中棕背?93.40%、大林姬鼠5.66%、红背?0.94%;(3)春季鼠类数量多时,陷阱技术对?类捕获率(113.58%)是笼捕法(21.43%)的5.3倍。秋季数量少,陷阱技术?类捕获率(9.87%)是笼捕法(5.10%)的1.9倍。通过2015~2016年的调查表明,长白山天然林鼠害主要发生在针阔混交林,发生时间是冬季下雪后至次年春季雪融化前时期;危害树种集中在椴树、假色槭以及红松等重要经济林木,危害部位主要在树体基部和地面裸露根部;棕背?、大林姬鼠和红背?为主要捕获鼠种,且棕背?和红背?为主要害鼠;林木相对危害程度与树皮中营养物质能量无关;陷阱技术对长白山天然林区害鼠捕获率高于笼捕法。
[Abstract]:Changbai Mountain natural forest area is an important source base of Pinus koraiensis in the northeast forest area of China. In recent years, local rodent damage has seriously threatened the growth of important economic trees such as red pine, linden, and false color maple. It is urgent to study the mechanism of rodent damage, and develop a set of systematic rules for the treatment of rodent damage in the spring (4-6 months) to autumn (9) (4-6). -10 month), in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve of Jilin Province, five kinds of monitoring plots were set up based on forest type, broad leaved forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, dark coniferous forest and birch forest. The species and parts of different forest types at different altitudes were investigated by sampling method. By setting standard sample, the composition and population density of the natural forest rodent in Changbai Mountain The degree was investigated, and the representative forest tree bark was collected in the harmful forest type. The harm mechanism of the rodent to the trees was discussed from the point of the dietetics, and the capture effect of the cage trap method and trap method on the rodent pest in the forest area was compared. The main results of the paper were as follows: 1) the rodent in Changbai Mountain natural forest area Investigation on the harm of forest trees in.2015~2016, the results of the survey of Changbai Mountain natural forest rodent damage were taken. The results were as follows: (1) the natural forest rodent in Changbai Mountain occurred in the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (63.5 plants, two years mean), the other forest type had no rodent damage, and the time was concentrated in the period of winter after snow to the following year before the early spring snow melted, and (2) the economic forest endangering by rodents. Mainly Linden (Tilia Tuan), false color maple (Acer pseudosieboldianum) and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis). The harmful forest sites are concentrated in the base and ground bare roots; (3) the harm degree, the harm of the base part (11690.495 cm2/hm2, two years mean) is greater than the root (6088.82 cm2/hm2, two years mean), of which the base of the baslen is false color maple. The base, the root of the red pine root of the linden root of the root of the baslen.2) a survey on the composition and population of the rodent in the natural forest area of Changbai Mountain. Around the forest type and the adjacent forest type, the rodent was investigated. Results: (1) a total of 104 rats were captured in two years, of which brown back (Myodes rufocanus) 48.08%, and Dalin Apodemus (Apodemus peninsulae) 28.85% Red back (M.rutilus) 19.23%, (Eutamias sibiricus) 3.85%; (2) 4.2 times the amount of capture in time and space, and 4.2 times of the year in 2016. On the whole, the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest needle Yelin Quaerin; (3) combined with the harm situation, in 2015, the capture amount of the rodent in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was 9 times in 2016. .3) the mechanism of the harm to the forest trees in Changbai Mountain natural forest area. Through the experimental control of rodent removal in the autumn of 2015 to 2016, combined with the laboratory feeding experiment, the results were as follows: (1) the forest damage rate of the control group was 3.87%, the removal was 0.66%, the total removal group was 0%, and the damage rate of the trees in the removal group was 87.21% lower than the control group, all removed from the control group and all removed. The group was reduced by 100%; (2) brown back and red back? The main rodent in the mixed forest area. (3) the relative harm degree of the trees and the energy value of the nutrients in the bark of the trees was not related to.4) the study on the prevention and control of the mice in the natural forest area of Changbai Mountain. In the year.2015, the harmful forest type (7*7=49) and the trap (3*3=9) were used to investigate the rats, respectively. Test the efficiency of 2 methods to capture rodent (especially?). The results showed that: (1) 3 species of rodent were captured by cage capture, of which brown back? 51.35%, 29.73% Dalin, red back? 18.92%; (2) trap 3 species of rats in 106, of which brown back 93.40%, Dalin Apodemus 5.66%, red back? 0.94%; (3) spring rodent The capture rate (113.58%) is 5.3 times the cage capture method (21.43%). The fall number is less, the trap technique is 1.9 times as much as the cage capture method (5.10%). Through the survey of 2015~2016 years, it is shown that the natural forest rodent damage in Changbai Mountain mainly occurs in the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest, the occurrence time is in the winter after snow to the following spring snow melting period, and the endangered tree species concentrated in the period. The main economic trees of Linden, sham maple and Pinus koraiensis are mainly in the base and bare roots of the tree body. Brown back, Dalin and red back are the main capture mice, and the brown back and red back are the main rodents; the relative harm of the trees is not related to the nutrient energy in the bark of the trees; the trap technology is caught in the natural forest area of Changbai Mountain. The rate of acquisition is higher than that of cage capture.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S764.5

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