种子丸粒化在水稻湿直播上的应用初探

发布时间：2018-05-17 10:19

本文选题：种子丸粒化 + 湿直播水稻　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水稻直播是一种省工、节水、高效和便于全程机械化的水稻栽培技术,是应对我国水稻生产转型的技术之一。然而,直播稻出苗、立苗状况差限制了直播水稻大面积推广,尤其在易于遭遇淹水的地区或田面不平整的田块。有研究报道,种子丸粒化是一种可以增强种子发芽过程中抗逆能力的高效、实用性强的技术,能够显著促进种子出苗及幼苗生长。但是,目前关于不同丸粒化处理对直播水稻逆境条件下出苗、幼苗素质的影响及其生理机制方面的研究较少。故本研究旨在:(1)探索适宜湿直播水稻的种子丸粒化材料、比例及丸粒化倍数(丸化剂与水稻种子的重量比);(2)探索过氧化钙丸粒化处理提高水稻种子萌发过程中耐淹性的相关机理,并探明其生理生化机制;(3)在大田淹水胁迫下,评估过氧化钙丸粒化处理对湿直播水稻(WDSR)种子萌发、早期幼苗生长和成熟期水稻产量及其构成因子的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.筛选出含过氧化钙的种子丸粒化处理能够显著促进湿直播水稻种子播后淹水胁迫下的萌发及早期幼苗生长,平均发芽率比裸种子对照高38.4%,平均芽长、最大根长、芽鲜重、根鲜重比裸种子对照分别高130.0%、71.9%、147.8%、137.4%。基于发芽率和幼苗生长表现,过氧化钙与水稻种子的重量比在0.6:1-1:1之间时丸粒化效果最好。2.种子丸粒化处理促进淹水胁迫下湿直播水稻种子萌发及早期生长的生理机制:(1)增加种子周围氧含量,促进种子萌发或幼苗生长,如含10%过氧化钙,丸化5倍比丸化3倍的逸氧量增加126.5%;(2)淹水条件下含过氧化钙丸粒化处理的种子或幼苗体内?-淀粉酶和总淀粉酶活性分别比裸种子对照提高345.5%和201.1%。(3)淹水条件下,过氧化钙丸粒化处理的种子或幼苗体内丙酮酸脱羧酶(PDC)及乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性分别比裸种子对照降低90.8%和73.0%。3.在大田淹水条件下,含过氧化钙丸粒化处理的出苗率比裸种子对照高33.9%,且丸粒化处理种子的平均芽长、最大根长、芽鲜重、根鲜重比裸种子对照分别提高66.7%、35.2%、181.9%、215.8%,差异达到显著水平。丸粒化处理的种子比裸种子对照增产11.9%-23.2%,是由于丸粒化处理下有效穗数密度高于裸种子对照处理。总结:与裸种子相比,含过氧化钙的丸粒化种子,其种子或幼苗的淀粉降解增强、无氧呼吸减弱,有效提高淹水胁迫下水稻种子的抗逆性,显著改善淹水条件下湿直播水稻的幼苗建成,进而增加水稻的产量;在实际生产中应综合考虑抗压强度、泥浆中下沉状况等问题,应选择过氧化钙含量为10%、丸化倍数为5倍或过氧化钙含量为20%、丸化倍数为3倍的丸粒化配方。
[Abstract]:Rice direct seeding is a kind of rice cultivation technology which saves labor, saves water, is efficient and is convenient to mechanize the whole process. It is one of the techniques to deal with the transformation of rice production in China. However, the emergence of direct seeding rice and the poor seedling standing condition limit the wide spread of direct seeding rice, especially in areas prone to flooding or uneven fields. It has been reported that seed pellet granulation is a highly effective and practical technique that can enhance the stress resistance of seeds during germination. It can significantly promote seed emergence and seedling growth. However, there are few studies on the effect of different pellet granulation on seedling quality and physiological mechanism of direct seeding rice under stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the suitable seed pelletizing materials for wet direct seeding rice. The ratio of pellet granulation (the ratio of pelletizer to rice seed weight) was studied to explore the mechanism of calcium peroxide pellet granulation to improve the waterlogging tolerance of rice seeds during germination, and the physiological and biochemical mechanism was also proved to be the physiological and biochemical mechanism under field flooding stress. To evaluate the effect of calcium peroxide pellet granulation on seed germination, early seedling growth and ripening of rice and its components in wet direct seeding rice (WDSR). The main results are as follows: 1. The results showed that the seed pellet granulation containing calcium peroxide could significantly promote the germination and early seedling growth of rice seeds under waterlogging stress, the average germination rate was 38.4% higher than that of bare seed control, and the average bud length, maximum root length and fresh bud weight were higher than those of bare seed control. The fresh weight of root was 130.0 higher than that of bare seed control. On the basis of germination rate and seedling growth performance, when the weight ratio of calcium peroxide to rice seed is between 0.6: 1-1: 1, the effect of pellet granulation is the best. The physiological mechanism of seed germination and early growth of wet direct seeding rice under waterlogging stress was that seed pelletization increased the content of oxygen around the seed and promoted the seed germination or seedling growth, such as 10% calcium peroxide. The activities of amylase and total amylase in seeds or seedlings treated with calcium peroxide pellets were increased by 345.5% and 201.1.1%, respectively, compared with bare seed control. The activities of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in seeds or seedlings treated with calcium peroxide pellets were decreased by 90.8% and 73.03.0%, respectively, compared with bare seed control. Under the condition of field flooding, the seed emergence rate of pelletizing treatment containing calcium peroxide was 33.9% higher than that of bare seed control, and the average bud length, maximum root length, fresh weight of bud, fresh weight of root and fresh weight of root were increased by 66.735.2% 181.9% and 215.8, respectively, and the difference was significant. The yield of seeds treated by pellet granulation was 11.9- 23.2than that of bare seed control, because the density of effective panicle number was higher than that of bare seed control under pelletizing treatment. Conclusion: compared with bare seeds, the starch degradation and anaerobic respiration of seeds or seedlings of pelletized seeds containing calcium peroxide were enhanced, which effectively improved the resistance of rice seeds under flooding stress. The seedling construction of wet direct seeding rice under flooded condition was improved significantly, and then the rice yield was increased, and the compressive strength and mud sinking condition should be considered comprehensively in actual production. The formulation of pellet granulation with calcium peroxide content of 10 times, multiple of 5 times of pellet, calcium peroxide content of 20 times and multiple of 3 times of pelletization should be selected.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511

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