多伦县林地生态效益研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 14:04

本文选题：多伦县 + 林分类型　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文在多伦县森林选取典型的杨树、榆树、樟子松、山杏及黄柳等不同林分类型为研究对象,开展林地生态效益研究。通过野外调查及收集样品、室内实验及数据处理、统计分析等方法对林下生物量、土壤理化性质及森林土壤持水性能等进行全面研究,并运用实测数据对其当地林地的生态效益进行定量分析,阐述了不同林分与林下植被和土壤特征的变化规律的差异及天然林和人工林之间的差异,研究结果可以为该地区林分可持续经营提供数据依据。主要研究得出的结果如下:1.在群落结构特征中,6个乔木林的胸径结构样地D9-天然山杨林以外,其他乔木均在7~(-1)0cm胸径内的株数为最多,并且又除了样地D9,其他平均在2-6m和8~(-1)1m树高内的株数为最多,这表明了,样地D9的生长状况为最佳。对不同林分的物种多样性进行监测,因每林地的林分结构及树种组成过于简单,导致此林地的物种多样很低,并且唯独丰富度指数很明显,最高的为样地D1-天然山杏林,这表明了此样地的物种多样为较高,稳定性高于其他林地。对林下草本层的生物量分析的结果为,最高的为样地D6-黄柳天然林,而最小的是样地D9-天然山杨林;人工林D5-沙地榆最高,D3-二青杨最小。有前述可知,D9在胸径和树高大的株数特别多,D3的为最小,从这导致胸径、树高、密度过大会使林下植被的生长环境竞争更强烈,而过小遮住不了太阳的直照,林下环境因而干旱,从而以上这样林下植被的生长接近了原始草地的形式来看,林地对植被的影响不显著。所有不同林分枯落物均大于原始草地,在天然林中最多的是样地D9,人工林中样地D10。又从前述再可知,样地D9的胸径和树高大的株数很多,那么使地下枯落物的积累的越多,再因为样地D10是针叶林,掉落下来的针叶和果实会积累的更多。2.监测对多伦县不同林分类型的土壤理化性质的结果为:无论天然林还是人工林,土壤容重随着土层加深缓慢增加,含水率为增加的变化,同一林地呈一致的变化规律。在化学性质中,土壤的有机质、全N、全P、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾均随着土壤土层的加深呈减小。土壤有机质含量最高的是D1-山杏天然林;全P含量最高的也是D1-天然山杏林,速效磷最高的为D10-人工樟子松林;全K含量在林地之间和每林地与原始草地的差异不大,平均在0.009g·kg~(-1)范围之内;速效钾的含量均为高,最高的为D1-天然山杏林。与对照区(草地)对比后可知,有林地的土壤容重均小于原始草地,并且有林地对土壤水分的效益远远大于天然草地;养分含量的高低均表现为天然林人工林天然草地,有林地对土壤养分的改善效果大与草地。3.对天然林和人工林的枯落物持水能力、入渗状况及土壤持水性能进行测定结果:①天然林样地的枯落物层蓄积量大于人工林地。②无论从枯落物的蓄积量还是持水一级有效拦蓄量来看,都是D9-山杨林为最高。③不同林分类型的枯落物持水量与浸泡时间的回归关系出现两种不同的关系式。④不同林分类型的入渗状况为:在4个天然林样地中,样地D9-山杨林的入渗速率最高,而6个人工林样地里,最高的为样地D5-沙地榆林,最低的为样地D10-樟子松林。⑤不同林分类型中孔隙度、持水量和蓄水能力的大小排序为样地D10D9D2D8D4,并且最大蓄水量和涵养水源量,它们均表现出乔木林灌木林。⑥从土壤物理性质与土壤持水性能之间的相关性分析中可知,林地土壤的最大蓄水量和涵养水源量主要取决于土壤的孔隙状况,同时,在从土壤物理性质与土壤入渗之间的相关性分析中,初渗速率和稳渗速率与有机质含量、含水率、总孔隙度呈负相关关系,并且与土壤密度、非毛管孔隙度呈正相关关系。与对照区对比后可知,有林地对土壤水分的影响比起原始草地很大,并且每样地与对照区的孔隙度、持水量和蓄水能力从大到小为样地D10D9D2D8D4对照区,无论是最大蓄水量还是涵养水源量,均表现出乔木林灌木林草地。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the forest ecological benefits of typical poplar, elm, Pinus sylvestris, apricot and yellow willow were selected in the forest of Duolun County, and the biomass, soil physicochemical properties and water holding capacity of forest soil were studied by field investigation and collection of samples, laboratory experiments, data processing and statistical analysis. A comprehensive study was carried out, and the quantitative analysis of the ecological benefits of the local woodland was carried out with the measured data. The difference between the changes of the vegetation and soil characteristics under different stands and the soil characteristics and the difference between the natural forest and the artificial forest were expounded. The results could provide the data basis for the sustainable management of the forest in this area. The results are as follows: 1. in the community structure, the number of other trees in the 7~ (-1) 0cm chest diameter is the most, and the other trees are the most in the 2-6m and 8~ (-1) 1m tree height, except for the D9- natural mountain Yang Lin, and the other trees are the best. This shows that the growth of the D9 is the best. The species diversity was monitored because the forest structure and tree species composition of each woodland were too simple, and the species diversity was very low, and the only richness index was obvious, the highest D1- natural mountain apricot forest, which showed that the species diversity was higher and the stability was higher than that of other woodlands. The result of the quantitative analysis is that the highest D6- yellow willow natural forest is D6-, and the smallest is the sample land D9- natural mountain Yang Lin; the plantation is the highest and the D3- two poplar is the smallest. It is known that the number of D9 in the DBH and the tree is very large, the D3 is the smallest, from which the diameter of the chest, the tree height, the density over the growth environment of the understory vegetation is more competitive. Strong, too small can not cover the sun's direct illumination, and the under forest environment is dry, thus the growth of the vegetation is close to the form of the original grassland, and the influence of the woodland on the vegetation is not significant. All the different forest litter is larger than the original grassland, the most in the natural forest is the sample D9, and the D10. in the plantation is from the foregoing. It can be seen that the number of DBH and tall trees of D9 is very large, so the accumulation of subterranean litter is more, and the D10 is the coniferous forest, the falling needles and fruit will accumulate more.2. to monitor the soil physical and chemical properties of different forest types in dolun County: the soil bulk density along with both natural and artificial forests Soil soil organic matter, all N, total P, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available P and available K decreased with soil soil depth. The highest soil organic matter content was the D1- apricot natural forest, and the highest content of all P was also the D1- natural mountain. In apricot forest, the highest available phosphorus was D10- artificial camphora pine forest, and the total K content had little difference between the woodland and the original grassland, and the average content was within the range of 0.009g. Kg~ (-1). The content of available potassium was high and the highest was D1- natural mountain almond. And the benefit of woodland to soil moisture is far greater than that of natural grassland; the level of nutrient content is manifested in natural forest natural grassland, the improvement effect of woodland on soil nutrients is great and the water holding capacity of grassland.3. on natural and artificial forests, infiltration status and soil water holding performance are measured: (1) natural forest sample The storage volume of the litter layer is greater than that of the artificial forest land. (2) the D9- mountain poplar forest is the highest in terms of the volume of the litter and the effective retention of water holding level. (3) the regression relationship between the water holding capacity of the litter and the soaking time of different forest types has two different relationships. (4) the infiltration status of different stand types is 4 In natural forest plots, the infiltration rate of D9- Poplar Forests is the highest, while in the 6 artificial forest plots, the highest is the sample land D5- sand Yulin, the lowest is the sample area of the camphor pine forest. 5. The porosity, the water holding capacity and the storage capacity of different forest types are sorted as the sample plots of D10D9D2D8D4, and the maximum water storage and water conservation are all of them. The correlation analysis between the physical properties of soil and the water holding capacity of soil shows that the maximum water storage and water conservation of the woodland soil mainly depend on the pore condition of the soil. At the same time, in the correlation analysis of the soil physical properties and the infiltration of soil, the initial infiltration rate and the steady infiltration rate are and have a good rate. There is a negative correlation between the organic content, water content and total porosity, and has a positive correlation with soil density and non capillary porosity. Compared with the control area, it is found that the effect of woodland on soil moisture is larger than that of the original grassland, and the porosity, water holding capacity and storage capacity of each land and the control area are from large to small as the sample D10D9D2D8D4. In the photo area, both the maximum storage capacity and the water conservation amount showed arbushes and shrubs.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.27

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