西安市区主要公园冬季植物景观调查与评价

发布时间：2018-05-18 11:50

本文选题：植物景观 + 冬季　；参考：《北京林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：植物、建筑、山石、水体是园林的四大构成要素,其中因植物具有特殊的季相变化而显得尤为突出。在冬季,植物的季相景观因其独特性而更具吸引力,因而重视冬季植物景观的营造是十分必要的,调研、分析和评价西安市区公园冬季植物景观现状,探索冬季植物景观的营造原则和优化措施,对于提升西部城市公园规划建设水平具有重要的现实意义。本文以西安市区主要公园的冬季植物景观配置为研究对象,通过资料收集、文献整理、咨询专家、实地调查、问卷调查和层次分析法评价等方法,研究和评价其冬季植物景观的配置,筛选适用于西安市冬季植物景观营造的树种,并发现出现存的问题及不足,并提出合理的建议。在对西安市区40个典型公园以及秦岭北麓三个森林公园植物调查的基础上通过专家打分,制定冬季植物观赏评价标准,筛选得出冬季观赏价值较高的植物229种,分属49科103属,其中长势较好的常绿针叶植物共有6科13属35种,可越冬且冬季观赏价值较高的常绿阔叶及半常绿植物22科42属135种,冬季观赏价值高的落叶植物有31科50属59种。整体看来有乔木92种,灌木85种,藤本及地被植物19种,竹类33种,其中常绿乔木50种,占具总数的21.8%；落叶乔木42种,占18.3%；常绿灌木76种,占33.2%；落叶灌木9种,占3.9%；常绿藤本及草本植物11种,占4.8%；落叶藤本8种,占3.6%；竹类33种,占14.4%。以西安市区17个典型公园的冬季植物景观为研究对象,运用层次分析法(AHP法)从美学、生态学、心理学和服务功能四个准则层共15个因子层面进行评价。准则层中美学权重为0.4400,生态学权重为0.3300,心理学权重为0.1100,服务功能权重为0.1200；因子层中植物景观空间层次丰富度、植物多样性对公园冬季景观影响最大,其权重分别为0.1323和0.1232,认同感的权重最低,为0.0202。经过专家、学生及市民打分最终得出西安市植物园冬季植物景观效果最好,大明宫遗址公园冬季景观效果最差。在对西安市公园冬季植物景观调查的基础上,发现了现存问题,可整理归结为：对冬季景观重视程度不够；对现有冬季植物养护不当；植物素材应用不合理。针对提出以上问题如下对策,即重视营造西安地域性特色冬季植物景观；加大乡土植物的开发利用,合理引种南方植物；合理利用冬季初冬、深冬和冬末三个阶段营造植物景观；以及从动态空间和静态空间,分析不同空间的功能性质及对冬季植物景观的需求,在此基础上进行冬季植物景观营造。
[Abstract]:The plant , architecture , mountain stone and water body are the four main elements of garden . In winter , the plant landscape is more attractive due to its unique characteristics . In winter , it is necessary to study and evaluate the plant landscape in winter .
42 species of deciduous trees , accounting for 18.3 % ;
76 species of evergreen shrubs , accounting for 33 . 2 % ;
9 species of deciduous shrubs , accounting for 3.9 % ;
11 species of evergreen liana and herbaceous plants , accounting for 4.8 % ;
8 species ( 3.6 % ) of liana liana ;
There are 33 species of bamboo , 14.4 % . In the winter plant landscape of 17 typical parks in Xi ' an urban area as the research objects , the Analytic Hierarchy Process ( AHP ) is applied to evaluate 15 factors from the four criteria of aesthetics , ecology , psychology and service . The aesthetic weight is 0.4400 , the ecological weight is 0.3300 , the psychology weight is 0.1100 , and the weight of service function is 0.1200 ;
Based on the investigation of plant landscape in Xi ' an Park in winter , the paper finds out the existing problems , and can reorganize and classify the winter landscape in Xi ' an Park .
improper maintenance of existing winter plants ;
The application of plant material is unreasonable . In order to raise the above problems , we should pay attention to the construction of winter plant landscape with regional characteristics of Xi ' an ;
Increase the development and utilization of the native plants and rationally lead the southern plants ;
Rational use of winter , winter , winter and the last three stages to create plant landscape ;
and from the dynamic space and the static space , the functional property of the different space and the need of the plant landscape in winter are analyzed , and the winter plant landscape construction is carried out on the basis .
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S688

【参考文献】