设施西瓜智能灌溉系统的研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 08:16

本文选题：西瓜 + 智能灌溉　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：设施西瓜作为园艺作物中重要的经济作物,种植面积不断扩大,农户为了追求产量,盲目地对西瓜进行灌溉,造成水资源的大量浪费。为了解决设施西瓜的灌溉问题,提高灌溉水的利用率,本文对设施西瓜智能灌溉系统进行了研究,主要内容如下:(1)智能灌溉系统通信方式和灌溉策略的选择。分析了几种常见无线通信方式的覆盖范围、传输速率、功耗、成本等特点,最终确定ZigBee为智能灌溉系统的通信方式;通过对比模糊控制和传统灌溉策略的优缺点,最终选择模糊控制为智能灌溉系统的决策方案。(2)环境参数的监测。分析了西瓜对水分需求的特点,基质湿度和空气相对湿度是影响西瓜水分需求的重要环境因子,选取JZH-004采集基质湿度,JZH-021采集空气相对湿度,KL-H1100为协调器,共同完成西瓜环境因子的监测。(3)灌溉策略分析与确定。综合考虑不同生长阶段、基质湿度、空气相对湿度对西瓜水分需求的影响,设计了一个二级推理机制的灌溉策略,第一级推理以西瓜定植时间为输入量,通过查表法,确定最佳基质湿度,第二级推理以当前基质湿度与最佳基质湿度差值和本周期采集的基质湿度与上周期采集的基质湿度差值为输入变量,以灌溉时间为输出变量,根据专家经验知识建立了模糊控制规则库,利用模糊逻辑推理得出灌溉时间,最后根据当前空气相对湿度判断是否适合灌溉。(4)上位机监控软件。上位机软件利用Visual Studio 2012作为开发环境,C#作为编程语言,上位机通过Modbus TCP协议与协调器传递信息,上位机软件将协调器上传的数据转化为能够显示的数据界面;设计了智能灌溉和手动灌溉两种灌溉方式,用户能够根据需求自主选择;编写了历史数据查询界面,用户能够根据需求对历史数据进行查询、分析、管理;设计了数据库,能够储存传感器采集的环境因子、灌溉情况等信息,为历史数据的查询提供了数据基础;编写了智能灌溉推理界面,能够根据定植时间、基质湿度、空气相对湿度推理出灌溉时间。为了验证智能灌溉系统对西瓜的影响,在华中农业大学国家蔬菜改良中心华中蔬菜分中心大棚进行实验,实验结果表明,智能灌溉系统通过控制灌溉时间,将基质湿度保持在适合西瓜生长的基质湿度范围内,所测得基质湿度与最佳基质湿度的偏差为2%左右,与人工灌溉相比,智能灌溉提高了灌溉水的利用率,改善了果实品质,增加了西瓜产量。
[Abstract]:As an important cash crop in horticultural crops, protected watermelon has been widely planted. Farmers blindly irrigate watermelon in pursuit of yield, resulting in a large amount of waste of water resources. In order to solve the irrigation problem of watermelon and improve the utilization rate of irrigation water, the intelligent irrigation system of watermelon was studied in this paper. The main contents are as follows: 1) the choice of communication mode and irrigation strategy of intelligent irrigation system. This paper analyzes the coverage, transmission rate, power consumption, cost and other characteristics of several common wireless communication methods, finally determines that ZigBee is the communication mode of intelligent irrigation system, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of fuzzy control and traditional irrigation strategy. Finally, fuzzy control is chosen as the decision plan of intelligent irrigation system. The characteristics of watermelon water demand were analyzed. Substrate humidity and air relative humidity were the important environmental factors affecting watermelon water demand. KL-H1100 was selected as coordinator of JZH-004 sampling substrate humidity and JZH-021 to collect air relative humidity. Analysis and determination of irrigation strategies for watermelon environmental factors monitoring. Considering the effects of different growth stages, substrate humidity and air relative humidity on water demand of watermelon, an irrigation strategy based on two-stage reasoning mechanism was designed. In order to determine the optimum substrate humidity, the second stage inferences take the difference between the current matrix humidity and the optimal matrix humidity as input variables, and the irrigation time as the output variable. The fuzzy control rule base is established according to the expert's experience and knowledge, and the irrigation time is obtained by using fuzzy logic reasoning. Finally, according to the current air relative humidity, the monitoring software of upper computer is determined whether it is suitable for irrigation. The host computer software uses Visual Studio 2012 as the development environment and C # as the programming language. The host computer transmits information through the Modbus TCP protocol and the coordinator. The upper computer software converts the data uploaded by the coordinator into a data interface that can be displayed. Designed intelligent irrigation and manual irrigation two irrigation methods, users can choose according to their own needs; write a historical data query interface, users can query, analyze and manage historical data according to demand; design a database, It can store the information of environment factor, irrigation condition and so on collected by sensor, provide the data basis for the query of historical data, compile the intelligent irrigation inference interface, which can be based on the time of planting, the humidity of matrix, etc. The relative humidity of the air inferred the irrigation time. In order to verify the effect of intelligent irrigation system on watermelon, the experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Huazhong vegetable Subcenter, National vegetable improvement Center of Huazhong Agricultural University. The results showed that the intelligent irrigation system controlled irrigation time. When the substrate humidity was kept in the range suitable for watermelon growth, the deviation between the substrate humidity and the optimum substrate humidity was about 2%. Compared with artificial irrigation, intelligent irrigation improved the utilization rate of irrigation water and improved the fruit quality. The yield of watermelon was increased.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S651;S627

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