小麦、蚕豆和油菜对向日葵列当和泰艽化感作用研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 12:32

  本文选题：向日葵列当 + 诱捕作物　； 参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：向日葵列当(Orobanche cumanaWallr.)是一种根寄生杂草,多数分布在我国的北部地区,严重危害向日葵的生长,是我国的检疫性恶性寄生杂草之一。目前尚没有有效的方法加以防除。秦艽(GentianamacrophyllaPall.)属龙胆科(Gentianaceae)龙胆属(GentianaL),主要分布在中国西北部海拔较高的地区,是青海地区一种道地的药用植物,属于我国三级保护药材之一。近几年,对于秦艽的需求量不断增加,药用植物与农作物间作被认为是一种十分有效的解决方案,本文研究了青海主要的粮食作物小麦、蚕豆及经济作物油菜诱捕向日葵列当的可能性;同时研究了这3种作物对药用朱武秦艽的化感作用,以期对秦艽的人工栽培提供新的思路。主要结果如下:1.小麦和蚕豆的根部甲醇浸提液以及根系分泌物诱导向日葵列当种子的发芽的能力较强,其中宁东1号小麦的根部甲醇浸提液处理的向日葵列当种子萌发率最高(41.5%)。蚕豆根部的甲醇浸提液和根系分泌物诱导向日葵列当种子的发芽的能力也较强,其中经青蚕11号根系分泌物处理后的向日葵列当种子的萌发率高达41.1%。因此,宁东1号小麦和青蚕11号植株的根部可能含有更多的诱导向日葵列当发芽的物质,作为向日葵列当诱捕作物的可能性较大。2.小麦根部甲醇浸提液原液、根系分泌物原液以及切根量为0.4 g和0.6 g时对秦艽的萌发有一定的抑制作用,却对秦艽幼苗的生长没有影响。蚕豆较小麦来说对秦艽的抑制作用较强,且蚕豆地上部覆盖时秦艽幼苗的生理指标均较对照有显著抑制作用。油菜对秦艽的抑制作用最强,无论是根系分泌物或是不同切根以及秸秆覆盖,均体现出对秦艽萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用,采用白菜型油菜和甘蓝型油菜与秦艽进行的混播试验发现,无论是在苗期或是蕾薹期,白菜型油菜对秦艽幼苗生长的抑制作用都强于甘蓝型油菜,综上所述,在进行秦艽的人工栽培时,应避免秦艽与油菜的间作或轮作。
[Abstract]:Orobanche Cumana Wallr. It is a root parasitic weed, most of which is distributed in the northern part of China. It seriously damages the growth of sunflower and is one of the quarantine malignant parasitic weeds in China. At present, there is no effective method to prevent it. Gentianamacrophylla Pall.) The genus Gentianaceae, mainly distributed in the high altitude area of northwestern China, is a kind of medicinal plant in Qinghai, which belongs to one of the third class protected medicinal herbs in China. In recent years, the demand for Gentiana macrophylla has been increasing, and the intercropping of medicinal plants and crops is considered to be a very effective solution. The possibility of snapping sunflower on Vicia faba and Brassica napus, and the allelopathic effect of these three crops on medicinal Gentiana macrophylla were studied in order to provide a new idea for the artificial cultivation of Gentiana macrophylla. The main results are as follows: 1. The methanol extract from the roots of wheat and broad bean and root exudates could induce the germination of sunflower L. seeds, and the germination rate of the seeds treated with methanol extract from the roots of Ningdong No. 1 wheat was the highest (41.5%). Methanol extract from Vicia faba roots and root exudates could induce the germination of sunflower seeds, and the germination rate of sunflower seeds treated with root exudates of green silkworm 11 was as high as 41.1%. Therefore, the roots of Ningdong 1 wheat and Qingsheng 11 plant may contain more materials to induce sunflower to germinate, and it is more likely that Ningdong 1 wheat and Qing Silkworm 11 plant can trap crops as sunflower species. Wheat root methanol extract, root exudates, root exudates and root cutting at 0.4 g and 0.6 g inhibited the germination of Gentiana macrophylla, but had no effect on the growth of Gentiana macrophylla seedlings. The inhibitory effect of broad bean on Gentiana macrophylla was stronger than that of wheat, and the physiological indexes of Gentiana macrophylla seedlings were significantly inhibited when the shoot part of broad bean was covered with Gentiana macrophylla. Rape had the strongest inhibitory effect on Gentiana macrophylla. Both root exudates, root cutting and straw mulch showed the inhibitory effect on the germination and seedling growth of Gentiana macrophylla. The mixed seeding experiment of Brassica campestris and Brassica macrophylla with Gentiana macrophylla showed that the inhibitory effect of Brassica campestris on seedling growth of Gentiana macrophylla was stronger than that of Brassica napus at seedling stage or bolting stage. In the artificial cultivation of Gentiana macrophylla, the intercropping or rotation between Gentiana macrophylla and rapeseed should be avoided.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S451;S567.239
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本文编号：1919195