贵阳喀斯特地区干燥花植物资源调查及压花技术探索

发布时间：2018-05-21 12:43

本文选题：干燥花 + 干燥技术　；参考：《贵州师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了调查贵阳喀斯特地区干燥花植物资源种类和利用特点,探索特定压花花材最佳干燥工艺。本研究通过实地调查法,分春、夏、秋、冬4个季节采集贵阳喀斯特地区干燥花植物标本、图像资料并进行种类鉴定,针对不同颜色、材质的压花花材进行各种干燥技术、保色技术、漂白和染色技术研究,筛选特定压花花材的最佳干燥、护色保色方案,为压花规模化生产提供理论基础和科学依据,推动压花艺术在贵州的普及与发展具有重要意义。主要研究结果如下:1、本研究共调查出干燥花植物材料65科137属160种,其中菊科最多,有21种,占13.1%;其次为蔷薇科,有20种,占12.5%;禾本科12种,豆科9种,其余各科只有1~5种。花材共有102种,其中红粉色系28种,黄色系23种,白色系和蓝紫色系各21种,多色系8种;叶材共有54种,其中绿色叶类29种,彩色叶类25种;果材12种。2、对13种压花花材的干燥技术进行研究:分别使用6种干燥方法,设置不同干燥温度、不同干燥时间、不同孔径干燥板的处理组合对花材干燥特性和干花品质的影响。结果表明:不同质地、含水量的压花花材所适宜的干燥方法不同,花材失水率随干燥温度、干燥时间、干燥板孔径D的增加而增大,采用间歇加热方式,花材干燥所需时间比持续加热要少;熨压干燥法速度最快,其次为微波干燥法,真空干燥法和简易干燥法最慢。干花颜色:真空干燥法最好,微波干燥法和熨压干燥法较好。综合干花品质和干燥时间,13种压花花材最佳干燥处理方法,锦绣杜鹃花瓣:微波火力80%+干燥板孔径D_2+干燥(3+0.5)min,雄蕊及萼片为电熨斗4档+干燥2.5min;紫薇:电熨斗3档+干燥35~40s;绣球:微波火力80%+干燥2min;牡丹木槿:大花瓣为电熨斗4档+干燥2min;小花瓣为电熨斗3档+干燥80~90s;山茶:微波火力80%+干燥3.5min;白花夹竹桃:烘箱50℃+干燥2h;葱兰:烘箱50℃+干燥2.5h;野胡萝卜和一年蓬:电熨斗4档+干燥3min;金丝梅:电熨斗4档+干燥2~2.5min或微波火力80%+干燥4.5min;金丝桃:电熨斗3档+干燥(3+0.5)min;双荚决明:微波火力80%+干燥2min;金鸡菊:整朵为花材垫棉花或使用微波、电熨斗间歇干燥,花瓣为电熨斗4档+干燥1.5min。3、对4种红粉色系花材进行保色研究:使用2种不同保色剂,设置不同浓度、不同浸泡温度、不同浸泡时间的处理组合对花材保色效果的影响,结果表明:通过浸泡或者涂抹保色剂,再结合微波干燥所得干花保色效果最好。其中10%柠檬酸对粉色花材保色效果较好,10%酒石酸对红色花材保色效果较好。其中,一串红最佳保色处理为:10%酒石酸浸泡15min+微波火力100%+干燥30s;锦绣杜鹃为:10%酒石酸浸泡20min+微波火力100%+干燥2min;紫薇为:5%柠檬酸浸泡15min或10%柠檬酸浸泡5min;山茶为:柠檬酸浓度10%+浸泡20min左右,或者浓度15%~20%+浸泡时间15~20min,再微波火力100%+干燥1min。4、对几种花材漂白研究:使用次氯酸钠、双氧水作漂白剂,设置3个不同漂液浓度、两种不同漂液pH、不同漂白时间的处理组合对花材漂白效果的影响,结果表明:不同颜色、质地的花材,漂白效果不同。黄色系的金丝桃和金鸡菊不易漂白,粉红色的锦绣杜鹃易漂白。H_2O_2漂白法漂液pH越高,漂白速度越快,但对花材的损伤越大。两种漂白方法最适漂液浓度,pH=10的NaClO为2%~3%,pH=9的H_2O_2浓度为10%~15%,并且NaClO漂白法比H_2O_2漂白法速度快。压花花材基本漂白金丝桃和金鸡菊需8h以上,锦绣杜鹃需5h。5、对几种压花花材的染色研究:使用4种不同颜色、2种不同浓度的食品色素进行活体吸色,结果表明:花材的染色效果受到花材本身的质地、颜色、结构以及染料性质的影响,4种不同颜色染料上染速度湖蓝色㧐果绿色㧐胭脂红㧐柠檬黄。在一定范围内,染色速度随染料浓度和染色时间的增加而加快,且花材越新鲜、颜色越浅,染色效果越好。花材达到吸色平衡所需时间,金丝桃和金鸡菊为3h,一年蓬为2h,野胡萝卜为1.5h。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the species and utilization characteristics of dried flower plants in Karst area of Guiyang, the optimum drying technology of specific embossed flowers was explored. This study collected the specimens of dried flower plants in Karst area of Guiyang, Guiyang, in spring, summer, autumn and winter by field investigation method, and the image data were identified, and the embossed flowers of different colors and materials were used for the embossing flowers of different colors. All kinds of drying technology, color preserving technology, bleaching and dyeing technology are studied, the best drying, color protection and color protection scheme of specific embossed flower are selected. It provides the theoretical basis and scientific basis for the scale production of embossing. It is of great significance to promote the popularization and development of embossing art in Guizhou. The main results are as follows: 1, this study was investigated and found out. There are 160 species and 137 genera of 65 families, including the most Compositae, 21 species, 13.1%; the second is the Rosaceae, 20 species, 12.5%, 12 Gramineae, 9 legumes, and only 1~5 species in the rest of the family. There are 102 kinds of flowers, including the red pink color system 28, the Yellow system 23, the white and the blue purple, among which green leaves are green. 29 kinds of leaves, 25 color leaves and 12 kinds of.2, the drying technology of 13 kinds of embossed flowers were studied. The effects of different drying temperatures, drying time and different drying time on the drying characteristics and the quality of the dried flowers were set up respectively. The results showed that the flower material with different texture and water content was different. The optimum drying method is different. The water loss rate of the flower material increases with the increase of drying temperature, drying time and the D of the dry plate diameter. The time required by intermittent heating is less than that of continuous heating; the speed of ironing and drying is the fastest, the next is the microwave drying method, the real air drying method and the simple drying method are the slowest. The color of dry flowers: dry flower color: vacuum drying The best method is microwave drying and ironing drying. Combining the quality of dry flowers and drying time, the best drying treatment of 13 kinds of embossed flower wood, rich azalea Petals: Microwave fire 80%+ drying board aperture D_2+ drying (3+0.5) min, stamen and sepals for electric iron 4 gear + dry 2.5min; Lagerstroemia Lagerstroemia: electric iron 3 + dry 35~40s; Hydrangea: Microwave fire 80%+ Dry 2min; Peony Hibiscus: big petals for electric iron 4 + dry 2min; small petals for electric iron 3 gear + dry 80~90s; Camellia: Microwave fire 80%+ dry 3.5min; white flower oleander: oven 50 C + dry 2H; onion: oven 50 centigrade + dry 2.5h; wild carrot and one year canopy: electric iron 4 + dry 3min; electric iron 4 + dry 2~2.5min or micro electric iron 4 + dry 2~2.5min or micro electric iron 4 gear + dry 2~2.5min or micro dry iron 4 gear + dry 2~2.5min or micro dry iron 4 gear + dry 2~2.5min or micro dry iron 4 gear + dry 2~2.5min or micro dry iron 4 gear + dry 2~2.5min or micro or micro electric iron 4 and dry micro or micro electric iron micro or micro Wave fire 80%+ dry 4.5min; golden peach: electric iron 3 gear + dry (3+0.5) min; double pod Cassia: Microwave fire 80%+ dry 2min; chrysanthemum chrysanthemum: whole flower mat cotton or microwave, electric iron intermittently dry, petal for electric iron 4 gear + dry 1.5min.3, 4 kinds of pink color system flower wood preservation study: use 2 different color preserves, setting different The effect of concentration, different soaking temperature and different soaking time on the color retention of the flower material was affected. The results showed that the best color retention effect was obtained by soaking or smearing the color retention agent and combining with microwave drying. 10% citric acid had better color retention effect on the pink flower material, and 10% tartaric acid had better color retention effect on red flower material. The best color conservation treatment is: 10% tartaric acid soak 15min+ microwave fire 100%+ dry 30s; rich cuckoo: 10% tartaric acid soak 20min+ microwave fire 100%+ dry 2min; Lagerstroemia Lagerstroemia: 5% citric acid soak 15min or 10% citric acid soak 5min; camellia is: citric acid concentration 10%+ soak 20min, or concentration 15%~20%+ immersion time 15~20min, and then micro 100%+ drying 1min.4, the study of several kinds of flower bleaching: using sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide as bleaching agent, the effects of 3 different bleaching fluid concentration, two different bleaching fluid pH and different bleaching time on the bleaching effect of different bleaching time were found. The results showed that the bleaching effect of different colors and textures was different. The Yellow peaches and gold were different. The chrysanthemum is not easy to bleach, the pink brocade Rhododendron is easily bleached.H_2O_2 bleaching solution pH higher, the faster the bleaching speed, but the greater the damage to the flower. The optimum bleaching fluid concentration of two bleaching methods, pH=10 NaClO 2%~3%, pH=9 H_2O_2 concentration 10%~15%, and the NaClO bleaching method faster than the H_2O_2 bleaching method. Embossed flower material basically bleaching gold wire The peach and chrysanthemum needs more than 8h. The rich Rhododendron needs 5h.5 and the dyeing of several embossed flowers: using 4 different colors and 2 different concentrations of food pigments to absorb the color in vivo. The result shows that the dyeing effect of the flower material is influenced by the texture, color, structure and the property of the dye, and 4 different colors dye the speed lake. Blue? Fruit green? Carmine? Lemon yellow. In a certain range, the speed of dyeing quicker with the increase of dye concentration and dyeing time, and the more fresh the wood is, the lighter the color, the better the dyeing effect. The flower material reaches the time required for the balance of color absorption, the peach and the chrysanthemum is 3h, the one year is 2h, the wild carrot is 1.5h.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S688.2

【参考文献】