水分胁迫对豌豆生理生化的影响

发布时间：2018-05-26 14:54

本文选题：豌豆 + 生理特性　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人类对粮用及菜用豌豆的需求日益增大,我国豌豆种植面积逐渐增大,北方是豌豆主产区之一。近年来,我国北方地区旱情频繁发生,水资源短缺日益加重。选育豌豆抗旱品种是应对恶劣的干旱环境,提高豌豆质量和产量,高效利用水资源重要措施之一。本实验以麻豌豆等7种豌豆为试验材料,采用盆栽土培人工控水法,研究了干旱胁迫对豌豆生长的影响,筛选抗旱豌豆品种并探讨其抗旱生理生化机制,在此基础上,研究了豌豆肌动蛋白异型体PEAc3在干旱胁迫下的差异性表达,探讨其作为抗旱分子标记用于豌豆分子育种的可行性。主要结果如下:1.研究了水分胁迫对豌豆生长的影响。结果表明:苗期和花期水分胁迫均会使豌豆株高降低,叶片数减少,主根伸长及侧根数增多。苗期干旱胁迫后复水,随着复水天数增加,主根长度和侧根数逐渐接近对照植株,而株高和叶片数与对照植株的差异则逐渐变大。花期干旱胁迫后复水,随着复水天数增加,上述指标与对照植株的差异变小。其中,品种7受到干旱胁迫的影响最大,苗期干旱胁迫处理后,其主根比对照长15.44%,侧根数多10.71%,干旱胁迫后复水30天,其株高比对照低32.11%,叶片数低34.29%,因此,品种7是干旱敏感品种,而品种1是相对抗旱的豌豆品种。2.研究了水分胁迫对豌豆叶片MDA、SOD和P0D的影响。结果表明:苗期和花期干旱胁迫均导致丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidase Dismutase,S0D)活性下降,过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性增高。干旱敏感品种受到干旱胁迫的伤害较大,而抗旱品种受到的伤害相对较小。如花期水分胁迫处理,品种1叶片MDA含量比对照组提高19.69%,品种7叶片中MDA含量增加23.24%。品种1中SOD活性比对照组降低11.76%,品种7中S0D活性比对照降低19.26%。品种1的P0D活性增加47.13%,品种7中POD活性则增加23.24%。3.研究了水分胁迫对豌豆叶片叶绿素,可溶性蛋白,脯氨酸,可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫对不同品种叶绿素含量的影响不同,苗期干旱后复水,与正常供水相比,品种1叶绿素总量增加41.08%,而品种7叶绿素总量只增加0.11%。苗期干旱处理后可溶性蛋白减少,复水10天后可溶性蛋白增加,品种1可溶性蛋白增加18.39%,品种7中蛋白增加25.00%。花期干旱处理后可溶性蛋白增加,复水10天后增加量减少,品种1中蛋白增加7.8%,品种7中蛋白增加22.66%。苗期和花期干旱胁迫均导致豌豆叶片中脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加。如花期干旱处理后,品种1中脯氨酸提高21.54%,品种7中脯氨酸增加24.90%。品种1中可溶性糖提高38.78%,品种7中可溶性糖提高0.72%。4.使用半定量RT-PCR分析了不同豌豆品种苗期干旱胁迫下肌动蛋白异型体3(Pea actinisoform3,PEAc3)的表达差异性。结果表明:干旱胁迫条件下,不同品种中PEAc3表达量变化不同。品种1中PEAc3表达量明显增加,而品种7中PEAc3表达量则明显下降。因此,PEAc3有可能作为分子标记来分析干旱对豌豆的伤害程度,也可能用于抗旱豌豆品种的分子筛选。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for food and vegetable peas, the area of pea growing in China is increasing gradually, and the north is one of the main producing areas of pea. In recent years, drought frequently occurs in northern China and the shortage of water resources is becoming more and more serious. One of the important resource measures. In this experiment, 7 varieties of pea, such as pea pea, were used as experimental materials, and the effect of drought stress on the growth of pea was studied by pot culture artificial water control method, and the physiological and biochemical mechanism of drought resistant pea resistance was screened and its drought resistance mechanism was discussed. On this basis, the difference of PEAc3 of pea actin isoform under drought stress was studied. The main results were as follows: 1. the effects of water stress on the growth of pea were studied. The results showed that the height of the pea was reduced, the number of leaves decreased, the length of the main root and the number of lateral roots increased. The length of the main root and the number of lateral roots gradually approached the control plant, but the difference of plant height and leaf number with the control plant gradually increased. After the drought stress, the difference between the index and the control plant was smaller. Among them, 7 was affected most by drought stress, and the drought stress was treated at the seedling stage. The main root was 15.44% longer than that of the control, and the lateral root was more than 10.71%. After drought stress, the rehydration was 30 days, the plant height was 32.11% lower than the control, and the leaf number was 34.29%. Therefore, the variety 7 was a drought sensitive variety, and the variety 1 was the relative drought resistant pea variety.2.. The effects of water stress on MDA, SOD and P0D were affected by water stress. The results showed that the seedling stage and the flowering period were drought. The content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, the activity of superoxide dismutase (Superoxidase Dismutase, S0D) decreased and the activity of peroxidase (Peroxidase, POD) increased. The drought sensitive varieties were harmed by drought stress, and the drought resistant varieties were less injured. The content of slice MDA was increased by 19.69% than that of the control group. The content of MDA in the variety 7 leaves increased by 11.76%. The P0D activity of S0D activity in the cultivar 7 was 47.13% to the 19.26%. variety 1, and the POD activity in the variety 7 increased the chlorophyll, soluble protein and proline of the pea leaves. The effect of acid and soluble sugar content showed that the effect of drought stress on chlorophyll content of different varieties was different. After drought, the total amount of chlorophyll increased by 41.08%, compared with normal water supply, and the total chlorophyll content of 7 chlorophyll increased only after 0.11%. seedling drought treatment, and the soluble protein increased after 10 days of rehydration. In addition, the 1 soluble protein increased by 18.39%, the protein increased in the variety 7, the soluble protein increased after 25.00%. flowering, 10 days after the rehydration, the increase of protein in the cultivar 1, and the increase of 7.8% in the cultivar 1, and the increase of the content of proline and soluble sugar in the leaves of pea leaves at 22.66%. seedling and flowering stage. After drought treatment, proline in cultivar 1 increased by 21.54%, and proline in variety 7 increased by 38.78% in 24.90%. cultivar 1, and soluble sugar increased by 0.72%.4. using semi quantitative RT-PCR. The difference in expression of actin isoform 3 (Pea actinisoform3, PEAc3) under drought stress of different pea varieties was analyzed. Under drought stress, the change of PEAc3 expression in different varieties was different. The expression of PEAc3 in variety 1 increased obviously, while the expression of PEAc3 in variety 7 decreased obviously. Therefore, PEAc3 may be used as a molecular marker to analyze the damage degree of drought to pea, and may also be used for molecular screening of drought resistant pea varieties.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S643.3

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