水稻直播机漏播监测装置试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 15:08

  本文选题：水稻直播 + 漏播监测　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水稻直播机的播种机构,一般由同类型的播种箱及传动机构组成,不同垄行播种箱之间或者播种箱与中央监测室(驾驶室)之间相隔距离较近,数量较多,在作业过程中容易因土地表面不平度高、旋耕留茬较多、以及机械振动、泥浆(土块)堵塞排种管等因素造成漏播,影响作业效率,增加补苗人工成本,阻碍直播技术发展。本文结合国内外排种监测的研究动态,采用多点之间灵活通信的ZigBee无线传输方式,利用光电传感器组成监测网络,根据稻种通过监测覆盖区域对光线的遮挡,判断排种情况,提醒驾驶员排种装置故障,及时解决漏播问题,助力水稻直播技术发展和推广。论文取得的主要研究成果及结论如下:通过对排种监测装置研究现状的分析,尤其是水稻直播监测装置存在问题的判断,.经过对几种短距离无线通信技术的比较,结合网络结构选择、协议栈功能设计等ZigBee无线传输技术基础研究,拟定本装置基于ZigBee技术的设计方案,满足功能需求,节约制造成本;通过对水稻直播机排种性能评价和监测网络设计需求的分析,依托IAR集成开发环境对装置软件部分进行设计开发,确定装置主程序流程及上位机、下位机程序功能的设计与实现,进一步完成装置参数设置与显示模块、数据存储与控制模块以及数据传输与报警模块的设计与搭建;通过对监测装置整体结构和稻种在监测装置内受力分析与试验,确定传感器的选型,进行了传感器覆盖性能试验论证,同时对固定部件工作性能和影响因素进行分析,对其重要参数进行了试验设计与优化;通过室内试验和田间试验对监测装置性能进行分析,设计制作了实验室专用型孔轮式排种器,并利用其完成对装置监测精度的试验,试验得出,监测堵种状态报警平均时间为0.366s、报警解除平均时间为0.249s,监测漏播状态报警平均时间为0.220s,表明装置可以有效的对通过的稻种进行监测,在达到预设延时值之后,能及时发出警报,灵敏度高;田间试验指出,在实际播种环境下,有效监测穴数在97.6%以上,相对误差2.50%,有效监测率平均值为98.08%,漏播平均监测率83.71%。
[Abstract]:The seeding mechanism of rice direct seeding machine is generally composed of the same type of sowing box and transmission mechanism. The distance between different row sowing boxes or between sowing boxes and the central monitoring room (cab) is more and more. In the process of operation, it is easy to leak seeding because of high surface roughness, more stubble by rotary tillage, mechanical vibration, clogging of mud (soil), and so on, which affects the efficiency of operation, increases the cost of seeding and hinders the development of direct seeding technology. In this paper, combined with the research trends of domestic and foreign seed metering monitoring, the ZigBee wireless transmission mode of flexible communication between many points is adopted, and the monitoring network is formed by using photoelectric sensor. According to the coverage area of rice seed monitoring, the condition of seeding is judged. To remind the driver of the trouble of seeding device, solve the problem of missing seeding in time, and help to develop and popularize the technology of direct seeding of rice. The main research results and conclusions are as follows: through the analysis of the current situation of the seed metering monitoring device, especially the judgment of the problems existing in the rice direct seeding monitoring device. Through the comparison of several short-range wireless communication technologies, combined with the basic research of ZigBee wireless transmission technology, such as network structure selection, protocol stack function design and so on, the design scheme based on ZigBee technology of this device is drawn up to meet the functional requirements and save manufacturing costs. Based on the analysis of the performance evaluation and the monitoring network design requirements of rice direct seeding machine, the software part of the device is designed and developed based on the IAR integrated development environment, and the main program flow and upper computer of the device are determined. The design and implementation of the program function of the lower computer, further complete the device parameter setting and display module, data storage and control module, data transmission and alarm module design and construction; Through the analysis and test of the whole structure of the monitoring device and the stress of the rice seed in the monitoring device, the selection of the sensor is determined, the performance of the sensor covering is demonstrated, and the working performance and the influencing factors of the fixed parts are analyzed. The important parameters are designed and optimized, the performance of the monitoring device is analyzed through indoor and field tests, and the laboratory special hole wheel seeding device is designed and manufactured, and the monitoring accuracy of the device is tested by using it. The results show that the average time of monitoring the state of seed plugging is 0.366s, the average time of alarm release is 0.249s, the average time of monitoring the state of missing seeding is 0.220s, which indicates that the device can effectively monitor the passing rice seeds, after reaching the preset delay value, The field experiment shows that the effective monitoring hole number is more than 97.6%, the relative error is 2.50, the average effective monitoring rate is 98.08, and the average monitoring rate is 83.71%.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S223.2
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本文编号：1937704