辽宁省水稻生产潜力与磷肥利用率变异机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 20:13

  本文选题：产量潜力 + 产量差　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：生产潜力的研究对衡量区域粮食生产现状,揭示未来粮食增产潜力具有重要意义,为提升农户实际产量提供理论依据。肥料利用率是推荐施肥的重要参数,同时也是农业可持续发展的重要指标,由于土壤真实供养分量测定困难,区域间肥料利用率变异机制的模糊,限制了对养分精确管理的进一步探索。本文以辽宁省2006-2010年间各区域水稻生产实际和"3414"试验数据为基础,结合模型模拟的方法分析了辽宁省水稻产量潜力及产量差,同时以肥料效应函数作图法准确估计土壤供磷量(Ps)为突破口,对磷肥利用率(REP)变异机制进行了研究。为进一步提高水稻产量和养分利用效率提供理论依据。主要研究成果如下:1.辽宁省水稻具有较大的产量差,增产潜力很大,且各区域之间存在差异。辽宁省水稻模拟产量潜力在1591 6kg·ha~(-1)左右。高产记录产量、试验产量分别为11152 kg·ha~(-1)、8659kg·ha~(-1)、农户平均产量为7469kg·ha~(-1)。通过消除普通农户与高产纪录之间的产量差(YGR)可以增产49.3%,消除普通农户与试验产量之间的差距(YGE)可以得到15.9%的增产。辽南地区短期增产潜力最小,辽宁的东北地区短期增产潜力最大。从长期增产潜力来看,以辽西地区最高,但受到种植面积的限制,对全省水稻的增产贡献很小。2.辽宁省水稻土壤供磷量(Ps)平均为248.73kg.ha~(-1),缺磷区水稻植株吸磷量(UP0)平均为90.75kg·ha~(-1),Ps与UP0之间的差距范围在6.74 kg·ha~(-1)-437.76kg·ha~(-1),变化幅度很大。UP0不能完全代表土壤供磷量,而Ps更能反映土壤供磷状况。3.新变量作物需磷势(UPo/Ps)和磷肥有效性(Pmax/Ps)的构建,综合了土壤(Ps)、作物(UP0)以及肥料(Pmax)三个主要的影响因子,分别从作物需求和养分供给两个方面,对REP的变异给出合理解释。以这两个指标与REP建立二元线性模型,分析结果表明辽宁省水稻磷肥利用率的变异主要受到Pmax/Ps的影响。提高磷肥在土壤中的有效性是改善辽宁省水稻磷肥利用率的首要问题,同时,只有协调好供需关系才能更好地实现养分的高效利用。4.辽宁省水稻当季磷肥利用率(REP)为11.03%,磷素环境残留量的变化范围在之间66.18kg·ha~(-1)～616.11kg·ha~(-1),不同地块养分环境残留情况差异较大,土壤磷残留量平均为157.98 kg·ha~(-1),肥料残留平均为114.98 kg·ha~(-1),分别占总残留量的57.88%和42.12%。5.根据辽宁省水稻产量和磷肥利用率水平可以将现有田块分为四种产效类型,对各产效类型的养分供给以及作物吸收情况进行分析,在土壤供磷条件相同的背景下,应提高水稻对养分的需求达到产量提高的目的。对于低效类型的田块需要从拉大需求以及提高肥料有效性两方面相互协调改善。对辽宁省各类型田块磷肥利用率主要影响因素的分析发现均主要受到Pmax/Ps的影响,与全省总体情况一致。
[Abstract]:The study of production potential is of great significance for measuring the current situation of grain production in the region and revealing the potential of increasing grain yield in the future. It provides a theoretical basis for improving the actual yield of farmers. The utilization rate of fertilizer is an important parameter for the recommendation of fertilizer application, and is also an important indicator of the sustainable development of agriculture. The fuzziness of the variation mechanism of fertilizer utilization rate limits the further exploration of the precise management of nutrients. Based on the data of rice production and "3414" in various regions of Liaoning province in the past 2006-2010 years, the yield potential and yield difference of rice in Liaoning province are analyzed in combination with the model simulation method, and it is accurately estimated by the fertilizer effect function mapping method. The variation mechanism of phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate (REP) was studied with soil phosphorus supply (Ps) as the breakthrough point. The theoretical basis for further improving rice yield and nutrient utilization efficiency was provided. The main research results are as follows: 1. the rice yield in Liaoning province has great yield difference, and the potential of increasing yield is great, and there are differences between regions. The rice simulated production in Liaoning province. The volume potential was around 1591 6kg. Ha~ (-1). The yield of high yield was recorded by 11152 kg. Ha~ (-1), 8659kg. Ha~ (-1), and the average output of farmers was 7469kg. Ha~ (-1). The yield difference between ordinary farmers and high yield records could be increased by 49.3%, and the gap between ordinary farmers and experimental output could be eliminated by 15.9%. The short-term increase potential of South Liaoning Province is the smallest, and the potential of short-term increase in production in the northeast of Liaoning is the largest. From the long-term growth potential, the highest yield in the west of Liaoning Province, but limited by the planting area, the contribution to the increase of rice yield in the province is small.2. (Ps) is 248.73kg.ha~ (-1), and the rice plant in the phosphorus deficiency area is sucked. The average phosphorus content (UP0) is 90.75kg. Ha~ (-1), and the gap between Ps and UP0 is 6.74 kg. Ha~ (-1) -437.76kg. Ha~ (-1). And fertilizer (Pmax) three main influencing factors, respectively from two aspects of crop demand and nutrient supply, give a reasonable explanation of the variation of REP, and establish a linear model of two yuan with these two indexes and REP. The analysis results show that the variation of the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in Liaoning is mainly influenced by Pmax/Ps. Sex is the first problem to improve the utilization rate of rice phosphate fertilizer in Liaoning province. At the same time, only by coordinating the relationship between supply and demand can the efficiency of nutrient use be better utilized in.4. Liaoning Province, the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer (REP) is 11.03%, the range of Phosphorus Environment residue is 66.18kg. Ha~ (-1) to 616.11kg ha~ (-1), and the nutrient environment of different plots is residual. The residual amount of soil phosphorus was 157.98 kg. Ha~ (-1), and the residue of fertilizer was 114.98 kg. Ha~ (-1), which accounted for 57.88% of the total residue and 42.12%.5., respectively. According to the rice yield and phosphate utilization level in Liaoning Province, the existing fields could be divided into four kinds of yield types, nutrient supply and crop absorption of various yield types. In the context of the same soil supply, it is necessary to improve the demand for nutrients to increase the yield of rice in the same background of soil supply. For the low efficiency type of fields, it is necessary to coordinate and improve the two aspects of the demand for increasing the efficiency of the fertilizer and the efficiency of the fertilizer. The analysis of the main factors affecting the utilization rate of the various types of field phosphate fertilizer in Liaoning province is found. Both are mainly affected by Pmax/Ps, which is consistent with the overall situation of the whole province.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511
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本文编号：1948023