山东省主要山地不同林分类型土壤质量状况及评价

发布时间：2018-05-28 22:15

本文选题：森林土壤 + 林分类型　；参考：《中国林业科学研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着森林土壤在森林生态系统中的作用日益突出,对森林土壤质量状况的研究越来越受到重视。山东省地理区位特殊,森林资源丰富,林业产业发达。本文通过对山东省主要山地(泰山、蒙山、崂山、昆嵛山)不同林分类型下土壤的调查、采样和分析,展现了各林分类型土壤理化性质及酶活性状况及其随土壤发生发育的变化规律。采用土壤质量指数评分法结合主成分分析法对山东省主要山地不同林分类型土壤质量进行综合评价,主要研究结果如下:(1)不同山地各林分土壤密度总体上呈随土层深度增加而增大的趋势,土壤总孔隙度变化规律反之;土壤毛管孔隙度随土层深度增加而增大,泰山、崂山不同林分土壤非毛管孔隙度随土层深度增加而减小;泰山不同林分土壤最大持水量随土层深度增加而减小,其他山地各林分则反之。(2)除泰山侧柏林土壤呈碱性外,其他山地各林分土壤均属酸性土壤;不同林分土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量均随土层深度增加而减小,呈现土壤养分的表聚性特征;泰山油松-辽东桤木混交林、侧柏林土壤全钾含量随土层深度加深而显著增大,不同林分土壤全磷含量随土层变化无明显规律;刺槐林、侧柏-国槐混交林土壤有效磷含量随土层深度增加而显著减小。蒙山栓皮栎林、黑松-栓皮栎混交林、油松林全钾含量均表现出随土层深度加深而增加的趋势;栓皮栎林0-20 cm土层全钾含量最高,油松林0-20cm层速效钾含量最高;赤松林0-20 cm层土壤全磷、有效磷含量均最高。崂山落叶松林不同土层之间全钾含量差异显著;刺槐林不同土层间有效磷含量差异显著,且均高于落叶松林和油松林。昆嵛山不同林分土壤全钾含量随土层深度增加没有显著变化,赤松林、杉木林全磷含量随土层增加差异显著;除杉木林外,其余3种林分有效磷含量均随土层深度增加而增大。(3)泰山除刺槐林、侧柏-国槐混交林、侧柏林外,其余4种林分土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性均呈随土层深度的增加而减小的趋势。蒙山5种林分土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性整体上表现出随土层深度加深而减小的趋势,除黑松-栓皮栎混交林外,其他4种林分土壤磷酸酶活性均有随土层深度加深而减小。崂山不同林分土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性均表现出随土层深度增加而降低的趋势。昆嵛山除土壤蔗糖酶外,其余3种土壤酶活性在不同林分中均随土壤深度的增加而减小。(5)土壤质量综合指数评价结果表明:山东省主要山地不同林分土壤质量状况差异明显,同一林分不同研究区域土壤质量状况也存在一定差异,其中泰山各林分土壤质量综合指数排序为:油松-辽东桤木混交林侧柏林侧柏-国槐混交林刺槐林油松林油松-侧柏混交林赤松-侧柏混交林;蒙山不同林分排序为:黑松-栓皮栎混交林赤松林落叶松林栓皮栎林油松林;崂山不同林分排序为刺槐林落叶松林油松林;昆嵛山不同林分排序为:落叶松林蒙古栎-落叶松混交林杉木林赤松林。
[Abstract]:As the role of forest soil in the forest ecosystem is becoming more and more prominent, the research on the quality of forest soil is becoming more and more important. The geographical location of Shandong province is special, the forest resources are rich, and the forestry industry is developed. In this paper, the investigation and sampling of soil under different forest types in the main mountains of Shandong province (Taishan, Mengshan, Laoshan and Kunyu Mountain) The soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities and the changes of soil development in different types of soil were presented and analyzed. Soil quality index method combined with principal component analysis was used to evaluate the soil quality of different forest types in main mountainous areas of Shandong province. The main results were as follows: (1) the soil of different mountain areas On the whole, the density of the soil increased with the increase of soil depth, and the variation of soil total porosity was the opposite. The porosity of soil capillary increased with the depth of soil layer. The non capillary porosity of different forest soils in Taishan, Laoshan decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the maximum water holding capacity of different forest soils in Taishan decreased with the increase of soil depth. On the contrary, the other forests in other mountain areas (2) in addition to the alkaline soil in the Taishan side of Berlin, the soil in the other mountain areas all belong to the acid soil, and the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium in different forest soils decreased with the increase of soil depth, showing the characteristic of soil nutrients, and the mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis Taishan, alder Liaodong and Platycladus orientalis. The total K content of the soil increased significantly with the depth of soil depth, and there was no obvious regularity in the total phosphorus content in different forest soil. The soil available P content decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth in the Robinia Robinia forest and the mixed forest of the Chinese Sophora japonica and the black pine - Quercus variabilis. The total potassium content in 0-20 cm soil layer of Quercus variabilis forest is the highest, and the content of available K in 0-20cm layer of Pinus tabulaeformis forest is the highest. The total phosphorus content in the 0-20 cm layer of the pine forest is the highest. The total potassium content in the different soil layers of the Laoshan larch pine forest is significant, and the effective phosphorus content in the different soil layers of the Robinia pseudoacacia forest is significantly different, and all are higher than the larch pine. There was no significant change in total K content of soil in different forests of Kunyu Mountain. The total phosphorus content of the pine forest and Chinese fir forest was significantly different with the soil layer. Except for the Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, the available phosphorus content of the other 3 kinds of forest increased with the depth of the soil layer. (3) Taishan except Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Platycladus orientalis mixed forest, and the rest of Platycladus orientalis forest. The activities of soil urease, invertase, phosphatase and catalase in the 4 forest species decreased with the increase of soil depth. The activity of urease and invertase in 5 kinds of forest soil in Mengshan mountains showed a tendency to decrease with the depth of soil depth. In addition to the mixed forest of Pinus Pinus and Quercus variabilis, the activities of soil phosphatase in the other 4 kinds of forest soil were all along with the soil layer. The activities of soil urease, invertase, phosphatase and catalase in different forest soil of Laoshan were all decreased with the increase of soil depth. In Kunyu Mountain, the activity of the other 3 soil enzymes decreased with the increase of soil depth except the soil sucrase. (5) the result of the evaluation of soil quality index. Ming: the difference of soil quality of different forest stands in Shandong province is obvious, and there are some differences in the soil quality status of different research areas in the same stand, among which, the comprehensive index of the soil quality of the Taishan stand is: the Pinus tabulaeformis in the mixed forest of the alder of Alnus tabulaeformis and the mixed forest of Robinia Sophora in the mixed forest of the Pinus tabulaeformis Liaodong. The mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis was classified as: Pinus koraiensis forest and Pinus Quercus variabilis forest in black pine - Quercus variabilis mixed forest; the different forest in Laoshan was ranked as the pine forest of Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and the different stands of Kunyu Mountain were: Larch pine forest, Mongolia oak and Larix Larix forest.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S714

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