马铃薯膜上穴播机的研制与试验

发布时间：2018-06-02 08:05

本文选题：马铃薯 + 穴播机　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：西北旱作区干旱少雨,坡耕地面积大,耕地没有灌溉条件,作物生长所需水分主要依靠天然降水,作物产量低,严重制约着农民的经济收益。为此,农技工作者们提出了旱地覆膜栽培种植技术,即通过覆盖地膜提高旱作区土壤水分利用率,改善作物生长状况。马铃薯覆膜种植主要有两种种植模式:一种是先播种后覆膜,待出苗后人工放苗;另一种是先覆膜后破膜打穴播种。后者蓄水保墒效果好,同时可以有效避免烧苗问题,受到农民们的青睐。然而,此种种植模式下膜上打穴播种覆土以人工作业为主,存在劳动强度大,机械化作业困难,工作效率不高等不利因素。因此本文设计了一种膜上打穴播种覆土联合作业机,以期解决马铃薯膜上播种耗工费时、作业效率低等问题,从而提高西北地区马铃薯机械化种植程度,解放农村劳动力,为农民增收创造有利条件。本文主要研究了以下几个方面的内容:(1)按照马铃薯膜上播种的设计要求,确定马铃薯膜上穴播机要实现的功能,主要包括打穴、播种、覆土等,完成整机结构方案设计。(2)通过对现有打穴机构种类、功能、作业性能的调查分析,结合马铃薯膜上穴播机打穴播种功能的要求,运用运动学仿真及参数分析优化,设计了一种双曲柄连杆机构,能够较好地完成马铃薯膜上打穴播种作业。(3)通过对提土覆土装置的功能分析,进行了离散单元法仿真模拟试验研究,并对相关结构参数进行了优化,得到分土器的最佳工作参数组合:速比为2.56,排土口高度为200 mm,排土口宽度为120 mm,从而提高了取土覆土装置的覆土性能。(4)双曲柄连杆打穴播种机构和提土覆土装置的结合,提高了马铃薯膜上穴播机的工作性能,为先覆膜、后人工点播覆土的种植模式提供了机械化参考,可显著提高生产率。(5)在理论分析的基础上,对样机进行了田间试验。试验结果:空穴率为6.0%、孔穴错位率为4.9%、膜孔全覆土率为92.4%、穴距合格率为88.2%、播种深度合格率为87.0%,数据表明,本文研制的马铃薯膜上穴播机能够满足相关标准对主要性能指标的要求,可一次性完成打穴、播种、覆土等工序,作业效果良好。
[Abstract]:Drought and little rain, large area of sloping farmland, no irrigation conditions, water demand for crop growth mainly rely on natural precipitation, crop yield is low, which seriously restricts the economic benefits of farmers. For this reason, the agronomists put forward the cultivation technique of mulching film in dry land, that is, to improve the soil water use efficiency and crop growth through mulching and plastic film mulching. There are two main planting modes of potato covered with film: one is seeding first, then the other is artificial seeding after seedling emergence, the other is seeding with film mulching first and then breaking film through hole. The latter has a good effect of water storage and moisture conservation, and can effectively avoid the problem of burning seedlings, which is favored by farmers. However, under this planting mode, artificial work is the main factor of seeding and covering soil with holes on film, which has many disadvantages such as high labor intensity, difficulty in mechanization and low working efficiency. In order to solve the problems of time consuming and low working efficiency of potato seeding on film, this paper designed a kind of seed and soil covering machine on film, so as to improve the degree of mechanization of potato planting in Northwest China and to liberate the rural labor force. Create favorable conditions for farmers to increase their income. This paper mainly studies the following aspects: 1) according to the design requirements of potato film seeding, the function of potato film seeding mechanism is determined, which mainly includes drilling holes, sowing seeds, covering soil, etc. Through the investigation and analysis of the types, functions and working performance of the existing drilling mechanism, combined with the requirements of the seeding function of the potato film seeding machine, the kinematics simulation and parameter analysis were used to optimize the mechanism. A kind of double crank connecting rod mechanism is designed, which can finish the seeding operation of potato on film and hole better. By analyzing the function of soil lifting device, the discrete element method simulation experiment is carried out. The related structural parameters are optimized. The optimum working parameters of the soil separator are as follows: the speed ratio is 2.56, the height of the dump is 200 mm, and the width of the soil outlet is 120 mm. Thus, the performance of the soil covering device is improved, and the combination of the double crank connecting rod drilling hole seeding mechanism and the soil lifting device is improved. The paper improves the working performance of potato film seeding machine and provides a mechanized reference for the planting mode of mulching film and then artificial seeding soil, which can significantly improve the productivity.) on the basis of theoretical analysis, the field experiment of the prototype is carried out. The results showed that the hole rate was 6.0, the hole dislocation rate was 4.9, the membrane hole complete covering rate was 92.4, the hole distance qualified rate was 88.2cm, and the qualified rate of seeding depth was 87.0. The data showed that, The potato film seeding machine developed in this paper can meet the requirements of the related standards for the main performance indexes, and can complete the drilling, seeding and soil covering processes at one time, and the operation effect is good.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S223.2

【参考文献】