农田栽参最佳采收期研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 10:45

本文选题：农田栽参 + 人参皂苷　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)为五加科人参属多年生阴生草本植物,主要以根入药,具有补气益智、调节机体免疫、抗癌、降血糖等功效,是一味驰名中外的药用植物。近年来在传统的伐林栽参模式下,森林生态环境被严重破坏,栽参和环境之间的矛盾难以缓解。考虑到生态环境的可持续发展,农田栽参模式日益流行,为了能够使农田人参有效成分和产量最大化,确定农田栽参最佳采收时期,本文以集安地区3-6年生红果期后不同时间点人参为材料,通过炮制加工,制成生晒参和红参,对其中有效成分人参皂苷、糖类和氨基酸进行含量测定,比较其变化规律,从而为农田栽参最佳采收期研究奠定基础。其实验结果如下:1.生晒参中所测Rg1、Re、Rf、Rb1、Ro、Rc、Rb2、Rb3和Rd,9种人参皂苷含量随着人参栽培年限的增加而逐渐增加,9月21日6年生人参9种人参皂苷含量最高,达到5.34%。把皂苷成分累积和生长动态结合考虑,即有效成分最大累积值,出现在9月21日5年生人参。红参中所测Rg1、Re、Rf、Rb1、Ro、Rc、Rb2、Rb3、Rd、Rg3(S)、Rg3(R)、Rh2(S)和Rh2(R),13种人参皂苷含量随着人参栽培年限的增加而逐渐增加,9月21日6年生人参皂苷含量最高,达到4.95%。有效成分最大累计值出现在9月21日采收的5年生红参。2.生晒参中所测果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖,4种糖类含量随着人参栽培年限的增加而逐渐减少,9月21日3年生4种糖类含量最高,达到89.71mg/g。把糖类成分累积和生态动态结合考虑,即有效成分最大累积值,出现在9月11日采收的5年生人参。红参中所测果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖,4种糖类含量4年生红参达到峰值,然后随着人参栽培年限的增加而逐渐减少,9月11日4年生人参糖类含量最高,达到169.41mg/g,有效成分最大累积最大值出现在9月11日采收的5年生红参。3.生晒参中所测天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸,17种氨基酸含量随着人参栽培年限的增加而逐渐增加,10月1日人参根中17种氨基酸含量却随着人参栽培年限的增加而逐渐减少,9月21日6年生人参17种氨基酸含量最高,达到89.03mg/g,把氨基酸成分累积和生长动态结合考虑,即有效成分最大累积值,出现在10月1日采收的6年生人参。红参中所测天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸,17种氨基酸含量随着人参栽培年限的增加而逐渐减少,9月1日3年生人参氨基酸含量最高,达到30.50mg/g,有效成分累积最大值出现在9月1日采收的6年生红参。人参质量的优劣主要取决于皂苷含量的多寡及比例,综合生晒参和红参中糖类及氨基酸的有效成分累积,建议农田栽参最佳采收期定于每年的9月11日-9月21日期间。
[Abstract]:Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, a perennial herb of Panax ginseng, is a famous medicinal plant in China and abroad. It is mainly used as root medicine, which has the functions of invigorating qi, regulating body immunity, anti-cancer, lowering blood sugar and so on. In recent years, the forest ecological environment has been seriously damaged under the traditional model of cutting and planting ginseng, and the contradiction between planting ginseng and environment is difficult to alleviate. Considering the sustainable development of ecological environment, the cultivated ginseng pattern is becoming more and more popular. In order to maximize the effective components and yield of farmland ginseng, the optimal harvest period of cultivated ginseng is determined. Ginseng at different time points after 3-6 years old red fruit in Ji'an area was used as the material. Raw ginseng and red ginseng were prepared by processing. The contents of ginsenosides, carbohydrates and amino acids were determined, and the change rules of ginsenosides, carbohydrates and amino acids were compared. So as to lay a foundation for the study of optimal harvest time of cultivated ginseng in farmland. The experimental results are as follows: 1. The contents of 9 kinds of ginsenosides in Rg1, RfRb1, Rb1, and Rb2, Rb3 and Rdf1 were gradually increased with the increase of cultivation years. The contents of 9 kinds of ginsenosides were the highest in 6-year old ginseng on September 21, and reached 5.34% of the total ginsenosides. Considering the accumulation and growth dynamics of saponins, the maximum accumulation value of active components appeared in 5-year-old ginseng on September 21. The contents of ginsenosides of Rg1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rb3, Rg3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, and RG3, RG3, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb@@ The maximum accumulative value of active ingredient was found in the 5 year old red ginseng. 2. The contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose in raw ginseng decreased gradually with the increase of cultivation years, and the highest sugar content was 89.71 mg / g in 3 years old on September 21. Considering the accumulation of sugar components and ecological dynamics, the maximum accumulation value of active components appeared in the 5-year-old ginseng collected on September 11. The contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose in red ginseng reached a peak value in 4 years old, then decreased gradually with the increase of cultivation years of ginseng, and the sugar content of ginseng in 4 years old on September 11 was the highest. Reaching 169.41 mg / g, the maximum cumulative maximum of active components was found in the 5-year-old red ginseng .3collected on Sept. 11. Aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamate, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, The contents of 17 amino acids of arginine and proline gradually increased with the increase of cultivation years of ginseng, but the contents of 17 kinds of amino acids in root of ginseng decreased gradually with the increase of cultivation years of ginseng on October 1. On 21 September, the contents of 17 kinds of amino acids in ginseng roots decreased gradually. The content of 17 amino acids is the highest, To 89.03 mg / g, combining the accumulation of amino acids with the growth dynamics, that is, the maximum accumulation value of active components, appeared in the 6-year-old ginseng collected on October 1. Aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamate, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, The contents of 17 kinds of amino acids of arginine and proline gradually decreased with the increase of cultivation years of ginseng. The amino acid content of 3-year-old ginseng reached the highest level on September 1, reaching 30.50 mg / g. The maximum accumulation of active components appeared in 6-year-old red ginseng collected on September 1. The quality of ginseng mainly depends on the amount and proportion of saponins. It is suggested that the best harvest time of cultivated ginseng should be from September 11 to September 21, according to the accumulation of effective components of sugar and amino acids in raw ginseng and red ginseng.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S567.51

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