调理剂改性及其在污泥堆肥中对氮素形态变化的影响

发布时间：2018-06-02 11:28

  本文选题：污泥堆肥 + 改性调理剂　； 参考：《河南工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,市政污水的产生量与日俱增,同时导致了污泥的大量产生。污泥如不经过有效处置,会对环境以及人类健康产生不可预估的威胁。近年来,好氧发酵技术在我国发展迅速,成为国内主流的污泥资源化处置方式。污泥好氧堆肥过程中必需添加调理剂以降低初始物料的含水率、增加孔隙率和C/N,调节pH等,提高其降解性以满足必要的发酵条件。依据物料不同的性质及发酵过程参数,许多学者研究了不同功能的调理剂对污泥发酵的影响。针对污泥好氧发酵过程中大量氮素损失问题,已有很多报道。本课题立足于改性调理剂与物料间的相互作用,探明了调理剂静态模拟吸附氨气的动力学机制;从与氮素作用相关的微生物群落,探究了常规指标的变化及调理剂循环利用对污泥好氧发酵以及氮素迁移转化的影响。实验结果如下:(1)调理剂对氨气的吸附拟合最接近一级动力学模型;随着初始氨气浓度的增加,调理剂对氨气的吸附容量增加,调理剂经过改性加快了对氨气吸附,在30℃时2.5m L同体积氨水与NaOH(1mol/L)溶液反应条件下,酸碱复合改性调理剂及中性浸泡改性调理剂对氨气的吸附容量较未改性调理剂分别增加7.1%、10.7%;随着温度的升高,调理剂对氨气的吸附容量先升高后降低,温度为40℃时,3种调理剂对氨气的吸附容量最大分别达到263.3cm3/kg、279.0 cm3/kg、282.4 cm3/kg;调理剂含水率对氨气的吸附容量影响较小,且吸附容量随含水率的升高先增加后降低,未改性调理剂含水率为30%时,吸附容量最大为294.7 cm3/kg。(2)添加改性调理剂能够显著降低污泥好氧发酵过程中氨气释放量,其中添加酸碱复合改性调理剂工况、添加中性浸泡改性调理剂工况较添加未改性调理剂工况氨气释放量分别降低72.4%、68.0%,总氮损失分别降低28.9%、22.7%,显著降低氮素损失。添加未改性调理剂工况、添加酸碱复合改性调理剂工况、添加中性浸泡改性调理剂工况有机质降解量分别为9.9%、8.7%、12.8%,添加酸碱复合改性调理剂工况有机质降解较差,pH影响整个堆体中的微生物活性。(3)调理剂循环利用可以作为生物载体发挥生物接种剂的功能,明显缩短堆体到达高温期的时间并使高温期持续时间最长延长至8天,经过改性的调理剂回用能够增加对氮素的固定,增强保氮作用,其中添加酸碱复合改性调理剂工况、添加中性浸泡改性调理剂工况较添加未改性调理剂工况氨气释放量分别降低50.4%、40.9%,总氮损失分别降低50.4%、32.4%。添加未改性调理剂工况、添加酸碱复合改性调理剂工况、添加中性浸泡改性调理剂工况有机质降低量分别为16.6%、17.8%、19.6%,比第1次堆肥3种工况有机质降低量降低9.9%、8.7%、12.8%显著增高,说明调理剂回用增强了微生物对有机质的降解。
[Abstract]:At present, the amount of municipal sewage is increasing day by day, resulting in a large amount of sludge. If sludge is not disposed of effectively, it will pose an unpredictable threat to the environment and human health. In recent years, aerobic fermentation technology has developed rapidly in China and become the mainstream disposal method of sludge resource. In the process of aerobic composting of sludge, it is necessary to add conditioning agent to reduce the moisture content of the initial material, increase the porosity and C / N, adjust the pH, and improve its degradability to meet the necessary fermentation conditions. According to the different properties of materials and the parameters of fermentation process, many scholars have studied the effects of different functions of conditioning agents on sludge fermentation. There have been many reports on nitrogen loss during aerobic fermentation of sludge. Based on the interaction between modifier and material, the dynamic mechanism of static simulated adsorption of ammonia with modifier was investigated. The effects of the change of conventional indexes and the recycling of conditioning agents on aerobic fermentation and nitrogen transfer and transformation of sludge were investigated. The experimental results are as follows: (1) the adsorption of ammonia by the conditioner is the closest to the first-order kinetic model; with the increase of the initial ammonia concentration, the adsorption capacity of the conditioning agent on ammonia increases, and the modification of the conditioner accelerates the adsorption of ammonia. At 30 鈩，

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